As the incidence of coronary heart disease continues to increase, people’s understanding of “coronary heart disease” has also gradually increased. From the initial talk of fear and trepidation to now widely known. However, with the deepening of understanding and awareness, people have a new confusion: the treatment of coronary heart disease, is stent implantation surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting surgery? Coronary heart disease is the abbreviation of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Simply put, it is a narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. Since the heart needs to keep beating, the blood vessels that supply the heart with nutrients are especially important. Once the coronary arteries are blocked, the blood supply to the heart muscle becomes insufficient. This can lead to angina pectoris or life-threatening myocardial infarction. Theoretically, in the coronary artery stenosis or blockage of the beginning of the thrombolysis, anticoagulation and other treatments can be given to restore the blood supply to the heart; the actual treatment has often missed the thrombolysis of the time or the lesion itself is more serious, only the drug treatment can not achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, in addition to the use of medication, modern medicine has begun to use physical means to try to send blood to the ischemic parts of the myocardium, so that it can be reperfused. This physical means is called surgery, and two distinct surgical procedures are now recognized: coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and coronary stenting (PCI). The principle of stenting is to insert a catheter into the coronary artery through the femoral artery or other arteries under interventional (X-ray) conditions, to find and open the blocked vessel, and then to open the vessel with an artificial stent to prevent restenosis, which is commonly done by inserting one to three stents. The patient is placed under local anesthesia and is conscious throughout the procedure. Sedative medication is sometimes given to minimize fear and allow the patient to pass through the procedure more smoothly. Stent implantation is a minimally invasive procedure, and patients can get out of bed within 1-2 days after the procedure, and those who recover well can be discharged from the hospital within 1 week after the procedure. Unlike stent implantation, coronary bypass surgery solves the problem by creating a second channel to bypass the blocked blood vessel. Currently, autologous internal thoracic artery (located behind the sternum), radial artery (located in the forearm), and saphenous vein (located in the lower extremity) are often used as the bridging vessels. The patency rate of autologous vessels is higher than that of stents, and the long-term patency rate of arterial vessels in particular is much higher than that of other materials. Coronary artery bypass grafting is currently categorized as “coronary artery bypass grafting in cardiac arrest” and “coronary artery bypass grafting in non-arrest”. All bypasses are performed under general anesthesia, usually through a median incision in the sternum. Depending on the extent of the coronary artery lesion, the type and number of bypass grafts are determined, and it is currently common to bridge three to six vessels. Recovery after bypass surgery takes about 7-10 days, and patients who recover well are usually discharged from the hospital within 10 days. “Coronary artery bypass grafting under cardiac arrest” and “coronary artery bypass grafting under non-stop beating” have their own indications. For patients with coronary artery disease combined with heart valve disease or ventricular wall tumor, “cardiac arrest coronary artery bypass grafting” must be used. For other patients, such as elderly patients, “non-stop coronary artery bypass grafting” is generally considered to minimize the damage to the patient. Overall, because there is no extracorporeal circulation in “non-stop bypass”, the damage is relatively minor. Compared with stent implantation, coronary artery bypass grafting has a long recovery period, many side injuries and obvious scars, and many patients and their families are afraid of or even reject coronary artery bypass grafting. Many patients and their families are afraid of or even reject coronary artery bypass grafting because of this fear and rejection, which is often reflected in the diagnosis and treatment. In fact, this kind of obsession and rejection is not necessary. The choice of treatment follows strict clinical guidelines. Coronary artery bypass grafting is often indicated for three-branch lesions (stenosis of all major coronary arteries), left main lesions (stenosis of the most important coronary artery), and left main-like lesions. Cardiac arrest coronary artery bypass grafting is required if coronary artery disease is combined with other heart disease (heart valve disease or congenital heart disease) that cannot be resolved simultaneously by interventional procedures. The latest European guidelines for the treatment of coronary heart disease even recommend coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with coronary heart disease in combination with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. However, for patients with acute myocardial infarction, due to the serious damage to the heart muscle, in principle, can not be coronary artery bypass grafting, and need to wait for coronary heart disease to stabilize for 1 month before surgery. Stent implantation is often used to open the diseased coronary artery in emergency, usually applied to a single branch or two branches of the lesion, simple, fast, minimally invasive is its characteristics. Due to the reason of stent itself, stenting is usually not used to open the blood vessels with multiple stents in a row. For patients with three-branch lesions, the long-term effect of stenting is not as good as coronary artery bypass grafting; for patients with left main lesions, the risk of stenting is greater than the risk of coronary artery bypass grafting. Stenting for coronary artery disease should only be attempted in patients with three-branch lesions who cannot tolerate coronary artery bypass grafting for physical or other reasons. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages are not measured solely on the basis of surgical collateral damage, but rather on a person-by-person, condition-by-condition basis, combining long-term results with surgical risk. The choice of appropriate treatment should not be a patient’s preoccupation, but rather the responsibility of all healthcare professionals based on treatment guidelines.