In 1961, the doctrine of the relationship between “risk factors” and cardiovascular disease was first proposed, and it was initially recognized that the three major risk factors: hypertension, high serum total cholesterol and smoking had a clear causal relationship with cardiovascular disease, and there is now new progress in the study of cardiovascular pathogenesis. The main risk factors for cardiovascular disease in China include: age, gender, genetic history, hypertension, high blood cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity and mental stress and other 10 kinds. In addition to the first three unchangeable factors, a good sense of self-care can reduce the impact of other risk factors on cardiovascular disease. Self-care for cardiovascular disease includes general knowledge of disease, mental health care and healthy exercise. Disease awareness should understand the cardiovascular risks of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. If the blood pressure of hypertensive patients always stays at a high level, or if the blood pressure is not well controlled, it may increase the risk of “stroke” or heart attack. If blood pressure is not well controlled for a long time, systemic atherosclerosis may occur. The impact of blood lipids on cardiovascular is also quite large, there is evidence that the total cholesterol level of 200mg/dl three states, the relative risk of coronary heart disease were 1.35, 2.43 and 2.76. If you take active lipid-lowering treatment can significantly reduce the degree of atherosclerosis, improve vascular elasticity, and make high blood pressure easy to control. Diabetes mellitus has a tendency to increase gradually, and about 70% of diabetic patients die of cardiovascular complications, which should be taken seriously. Continuous elevation of blood glucose will cause glycation of all proteins in the body, leading to an increase in free radicals to damage the molecular structure of cells, so that the function of vascular endothelial cells is abnormal, which can easily lead to vascular embolism. Cardiovascular disease is a chronic disease, the course of the disease is long, there can be a variety of complications, the quality of life can have different degrees of impact, which should be sufficient psychological preparation. Psychological health care includes the development of orderly living habits, sincere and honest work style and harmonious and tolerant interpersonal relationships, avoid agitation, tension, suspicion, fear, anger and pessimism. Proper arrangement of daily life, avoiding excessive mental stress, ensuring enough sleep and rest time, and combining work and rest are conducive to the function of nerves and blood circulation, and enhance the determination and confidence to fight against the disease. It is currently believed that a moderate amount of physical activity has a protective effect on cardiovascular, but exercise should be taken in a gradual manner. If one is too hasty and exceeds one’s adaptive ability, it may increase the burden on the heart. The amount of exercise should be based on the principle that no subjective symptoms (such as palpitations, dyspnea or angina) occur. Exercise modalities, on the other hand, should emphasize breathing exercises such as brisk walking, jogging, swimming, cycling and tennis. These forms of exercise put a certain amount of stress on the cardiorespiratory system, thus improving cardiorespiratory health. In the 1980s, the United States and Europe began many community trials to prevent cardiovascular disease risk factors and reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, and targeted guidance to residents in the community to take appropriate dietary structure, change poor lifestyle and other measures, and achieved good results. We should learn from their experience, pay attention to community medical preventive health care, take it as a supplement and extension of the work of hospitals, carry out effective disease monitoring and appropriate preventive treatment, and carry out psychological counseling and popularization of medical science, which is conducive to the reduction of the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.