Cardiovascular disease is a major health hazard and some patients require surgical intervention. However, due to the special characteristics of the heart and blood circulation, open chest and extracorporeal circulation are required for surgery, and the trauma of surgery is mainly related to the extracorporeal circulation, followed by the size of the incision. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery reduces surgical trauma and complications by avoiding extracorporeal circulation, or by reducing and avoiding surgical incisions, and promotes patients’ postoperative recovery. With the improvement of surgical techniques, minimally invasive techniques are used in cardiac surgery for many heart diseases, including coronary artery disease, valvular disease, congenital heart disease, and cardiac arrhythmias. Coronary artery bypass grafting is one of the main treatment methods for coronary artery disease. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting is a procedure that establishes a new vascular channel between the aorta and the distal end of the narrowed coronary artery with the use of autologous blood vessels without the need for extracorporeal circulation, which has been likened to “erecting a rainbow of life on the beating heart”. Since extracorporeal circulation is not used, damage to vital organs such as heart, brain, kidney and coagulation system caused by extracorporeal circulation is avoided, which greatly reduces the surgical mortality rate and the incidence of postoperative complications of bypass surgery. Nowadays, the success rate of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting can reach more than 98%, and the patient can be discharged from the hospital within one week after the operation. The long-term outcome, including growth rate and bridge vessel patency rate, is also very satisfactory through long-term follow-up of a large number of cases. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting can be applied to almost all patients with coronary artery disease, especially for high-risk patients with extracorporeal circulation, such as advanced age, low cardiac function, poor hepatic and renal function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, calcification of the ascending aorta, tendency to hemorrhage, after-effects of stroke, reoperation, and so on. For different vascular lesions and patient characteristics, the main minimally invasive non-corporeal circulation cardiac non-stop coronary artery bypass grafting, minimally invasive small incision coronary artery bypass grafting, robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting, and hybridization technology. Since most patients with coronary artery disease have serious lesions of multiple blood vessels, involving the coronary arteries on the left and right sides of the heart, an average of 3 to 4 bridges need to be built, and in some cases, 5 to 6 bridges may need to be built, which requires a mid-chest incision in order for the surgeon to complete the anastomosis of the blood vessels. However, minimally invasive non-extracorporeal cardiac non-stop coronary artery bypass grafting can be used, and the vast majority of patients with coronary artery disease can tolerate this surgery. For a single coronary artery lesion or another heart surgery, only need to take 1~2 bridge patients, can use minimally invasive small incision coronary artery bypass grafting, in the chest to open 5 centimeters long small incision, complete the bypass surgery, the patient can be discharged from the hospital in 3~4 days. With the improvement of surgical technology and equipment, robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting has emerged in recent years, which only requires four small holes in the chest, and the use of robotic arms instead of the surgeon’s hands to perform surgical operations within the chest cavity, which reduces the surgical trauma to a minimum degree, and is known as “keyhole” surgery. For some patients with coronary artery disease who are at high risk for both surgical and medical stenting, such as severe left main stem lesions, systemic organ dysfunction, and physical weakness, a combination of medical and surgical techniques can be used for revascularization, i.e., hybridization, which is a minimally invasive, small-incision coronary artery bypass grafting completed by a surgeon, using an artery in the thorax to bypass the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery, and then a medical doctor can place medication on the remaining coronary arteries after 3 to 7 days. The remaining coronary arteries are then placed with drug stents by an internist. This gives full play to the advantages of arterial bridging vessels and good long-term effects of drug stents, and also embodies the advantages of minimally invasive small-incision surgery and stenting, which not only achieves the purpose of completely improving the blood supply to the heart, but also ensures the safety of the treatment process. Other auxiliary techniques applied to minimally invasive bypass surgery include endoscopic saphenous vein removal and vascular anastomosis devices. With the further development of minimally invasive techniques in the field of cardiovascular surgery, more and more cardiac patients will be benefited.