The reproductive health of boys is easily neglected by parents, and this is one of the common misconceptions in parenting. Therefore, young mothers and fathers should pay attention to the following problems of their children: a. Have the testicles descended into the scrotum? The physiological role of the testicles is well known, as they are the only organ that produces sperm and androgens, and determine whether the child will have normal sexual and reproductive functions when he or she grows up, affecting the child’s life. Generally speaking, the testes are located in the abdominal cavity during the early gestation period of the child. As pregnancy lengthens, the testes gradually descend into the scrotum, so most children can touch the testes in the scrotum after they are born. In a very small percentage of cases (about 3%), the scrotum is empty, but it can be felt 1-2 months after birth. If the scrotum is still empty 3 months after birth, cryptorchidism should be diagnosed. Cryptorchidism is not only unable to produce sperm and lose fertility in adulthood, but also may become cancerous and life-threatening, so early detection and surgery are recommended. It has been found that the testes of children with cryptorchidism have obvious pathological changes from the age of half a year and worsen after the age of two. Therefore, surgical treatment should be carried out before the occurrence of testicular lesions, i.e. within 1 year of age, and never too late. Second, does the foreskin need to be removed? Circumcision means that the foreskin covers the head of the penis, but can be turned up to reveal the head of the penis. If the foreskin mouth is narrow or if the foreskin and the head of the penis are attached, and the foreskin cannot be turned up and reveal the head of the penis, it is called prepuce. Almost all newborns have prepuce. In childhood, there is also prepuce, generally at the age of about 3 years old, the adhesion between the head of the penis and the foreskin disappears on its own, the foreskin can be turned up to reveal the head of the penis, later the head of the penis can be gradually exposed on its own, to puberty can be fully exposed. The above is the normal development process of the foreskin, so newborn circumcision and childhood circumcision are physiological phenomena, no need to make a fuss, and no need to treat, but it should be cleaned often, because it is very easy to “hide dirt”, not only easy for bacteria to reproduce and induce inflammation, and can be caused by carcinogenic substances – -The stimulation of prepuce can lead to cancer. When cleaning, you should be gentle, carefully open the foreskin, avoid using liquid and soap containing drugs to avoid trauma, irritation and allergic reactions. After washing, gently dry with a soft towel and turn the foreskin back. If the opening of the foreskin is small, not easy to clean, and inflammation often occurs, circumcision should be performed after the inflammation is controlled. As for circumcised children, it is best to operate early. Some experts even advocate an operation in the newborn period to prevent urinary tract infections. 3. Is there a lump in the scrotum? If a lump is found when touching the scrotum of your child (except for the testicles), two possibilities should be suspected: one may be a “hernia”, which is caused by the small intestine or other tissues entering the scrotum through the inguinal canal, and the enlarged scrotum can be seen with the naked eye and can be corrected by simple surgery; the other may be tuberculosis of the testicles or epididymis, which should be promptly treated. Do you know how to take care of your child’s scrotum? The scrotum’s “duty” is to protect the testicles, just like an “air conditioner”, creating a “spring-like” environment for the testicles. When the outside world is hot, the scrotal skin becomes paper-thin to enhance heat dissipation; and when the outside world becomes cold, the scrotal skin immediately contracts in an orange peel shape to moisturize. The purpose is to keep the scrotum at 33℃, so as not to affect the development of spermatogonia.