ATD treatment can preserve the hormone-producing function of the thyroid gland, but the course of treatment is long, the cure rate is low, and the recurrence rate is high; subtotal thyroidectomy has certain surgical risks, and there are contraindications to surgery and postoperative complications, too much resection is prone to hypothyroidism, too little resection is prone to recurrence. 131I is a very effective treatment for hyperthyroidism because it is simple, safe, economical, effective and has few complications. Generally speaking, the efficiency of one treatment is over 95%, and the cure rate is 60%-79%. Both 131I and surgery reduce the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone by destroying the thyroid tissue, with a short course of treatment, high cure rate and low recurrence rate. The disadvantage is the higher incidence of hypothyroidism. The three treatment methods are not mutually exclusive, and there is a complementary relationship between them. Generally, after the diagnosis is clear, patients with moderate or mild hyperthyroidism can be directly treated with 131I within the scope of indications; for severe hyperthyroidism, ATD can be applied to control the condition first, and then 131I treatment can be chosen after the condition is relatively stable; for those with significant goiter, 131I treatment or surgery can achieve better efficacy, and it is best if ATD pretreatment is applied before treatment; for patients with For patients with nodules, surgery is a better choice, and for patients without nodules, 131I therapy is the best choice; 131I therapy or surgery should be chosen when drug allergy, hypocellularity, liver function damage and recurrence of hyperthyroidism after discontinuation of ATD or the presence of other comorbidities occur while taking ATD.