Puerperal infection refers to local or systemic infection caused by pathogens attacking the reproductive tract during childbirth and puerperium. The normal human reproductive tract has certain defense ability against pathogenic microorganisms, but postpartum weakness and lower than usual immunity can induce puerperal infections if no attention is paid to puerperal personal hygiene or if there are conditions such as malnutrition, anemia or other chronic diseases. In addition, pregnant women who deliver by cesarean section are more prone to puerperal infection than those who deliver vaginally due to abdominal wounds. Patients with puerperal infections often present with fever, pain and abnormal postpartum malodour. The clinical manifestations vary due to the different resistance of the organism and the degree, scope and location of the inflammatory reaction. It mainly contains types of acute vulvovaginitis, vaginitis, cervicitis and uterine infection, which should be treated actively to avoid delaying the condition which may lead to serious consequences such as toxic shock, multi-organ failure and even endangering maternal life. For puerperal infections, broad-spectrum, adequate and effective antibiotics should be given, and sensitive antibiotics should be used after the specific pathogen of the infection is clarified. In cases of abscess formation or intrauterine residual infected tissue, the foci of infection should be actively treated.