The period from the delivery of the placenta to the recovery of all organs and systems of the mother’s body, except the mammary glands, to a non-pregnant state is called the puerperium, which usually lasts 6 weeks. The puerperium is one of the periods when women undergo rapid physiological and psychological changes throughout their lives, and most women recover well, while a few may suffer from puerperal diseases. The physiological changes in the puerperium are manifested in the following aspects: 1. Vital signs: maternal body temperature may rise slightly within 24 hours after delivery, generally not exceeding 38℃, which may be related to the labor and delivery causing excessive fatigue. 3-4 days after delivery, breast vessels and lymphatic vessels are extremely full, breast swelling, accompanied by an increase in body temperature, called lactation fever, which usually lasts 4-16 hours and the body temperature decreases, is not pathological, but other causes of infection-induced fever should be excluded. During the puerperium, pulse rate is slightly slow and blood pressure is maintained at normal level. 2.Uterus recovery: after the placenta is delivered, the uterus is round and hard, and the bottom of the uterus is one finger below the umbilicus. On the first day after delivery, the uterus rises slightly to the level of the umbilicus, and then descends 1-2cm every day, and can be palpated on the pubic symphysis until 1 week after delivery, and on the 10th day after delivery, the uterus descends to the pelvic cavity, and the bottom of the uterus cannot be palpated during abdominal examination. 3.Postpartum contraction pain: In the early puerperium, the contraction of the uterus causes paroxysmal severe pain in the lower abdomen, called postpartum contraction pain, which appears 1-2 days after delivery and disappears naturally for 2-3 days, mostly seen in menstruating mothers. 4, nightmare: after childbirth with the uterine mucosa, containing blood, necrotic mucosa and other tissues discharged through the vagina, called nightmare. It has a bloody smell, but no odor. Generally, bloody nightmare lasts 3-4 days, plasma nightmare lasts 2 weeks, then turns into white nightmare, and nightmare lasts 4-6 weeks. 5. Decubitus sweat: The skin excretion function is vigorous within 1 week after delivery, and a lot of sweat is discharged, which is more obvious at night when sleeping and waking up. However, attention should be paid to replenish water to prevent dehydration. 6, puerperal heatstroke: postpartum women should pay attention to opening windows and ventilation, pay attention to heat dissipation, do not overdress to prevent heatstroke, puerperal heatstroke may cause hyperthermia, dehydration, electrolyte disorders, maternal nervous system damage and can be life-threatening. 7, thromboembolism: maternal blood in the puerperium is in a hypercoagulable state, insufficient exercise, excessive bed rest, coupled with more sweating, blood concentration, maternal easy to appear lower limb venous thrombosis, after the activity may cause thrombosis, pulmonary embolism life-threatening, it is recommended that the maternal bed activity after a short rest, not long bed rest. The puerperium is an important physiological change for the mother, the uterus descends into the pelvis within 10 days after delivery, and returns to the unpregnant state 6 weeks after delivery. Postpartum body temperature usually does not exceed 38℃, and the amount, color and contents of postpartum malodex change with time, usually lasting 4-6 weeks. Pay attention to hydration and ventilation during the puerperium to prevent postpartum thrombosis and puerperal heatstroke.