The incidence of primary or metastatic tumors of the spleen is very low, with an incidence rate of less than 0.1% reported in the literature, and benign tumors are common, accounting for 60% -76% of splenic tumors. The incidence of splenic metastatic tumors is even lower, and most of them are cancerous metastases, mainly through the blood pathway, and a few through the lymphatic pathway. Primary benign tumors of the spleen include splenic cysts, misshapen tumors, cavernous hemangiomas, hemangioendotheliomas, splenic artery aneurysms, lymphangiomas, extravasated hemangiomas, and inflammatory pseudotumors. Common primary malignant tumors of the spleen include angiosarcoma, malignant lymphoma, smooth muscle sarcoma, liposarcoma, and malignant nerve sheath tumor, among which malignant lymphoma is the most common. Clinical manifestations: Small benign splenic tumors may have no clinical symptoms. In large tumors, splenomegaly, discomfort and pain in the left upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, belching, abdominal distension and constipation may occur due to gastrointestinal compression. Malignant cases show rapid enlargement of the spleen with nodular surface. In addition to left upper abdominal pain and gastrointestinal compression symptoms there is emaciation, anemia, fever, cachexia and jaundice. Diagnosis: Imaging remains the mainstay of detecting splenic occupancy. Ultrasound should be preferred for the initial diagnosis of splenic tumors. If the tumor is cystic with intact pericardium, it is mostly benign; if it is solid or cystic-solid space-occupying lesion, CT enhancement and other examinations should be performed. Treatment: Splenectomy should be the first choice for primary splenic lesions because it is difficult to identify malignant tumors or benign lesions before surgery, and early treatment is very important for malignant tumors; although the spleen has the functions of immunity and blood storage, splenectomy does not have much impact on adults, and some benign lesions may have comorbidities, which have to be treated surgically. As for small benign lesions that are confined to a certain region, partial splenectomy is feasible, thus preserving the immune and blood-storage functions of the spleen; small asymptomatic splenic cysts can be left unoperated for the time being, with regular review. With the increasing popularization of minimally invasive surgery, the application of laparoscopic splenectomy and hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy is gradually increasing, which is used for benign splenic lesions or hematological disorders that require splenectomy to achieve better results. For splenic metastatic tumor, if it is limited to isolated metastasis in the spleen, total splenectomy can be performed on the basis of comprehensive systemic treatment. For those with extensive metastases, the time for surgical treatment has been lost, and palliative treatment can be given according to the specific conditions of the primary tumor. Once spontaneous rupture of the tumor occurs, emergency surgery should be performed to remove the spleen.