Airplane take-off and landing can cause changes in air pressure, which can cause different air pressures on either side of the tympanic membrane, resulting in ear pain and impaired sound conduction caused by an invagination of the tympanic membrane, which can be accompanied by tinnitus.
Therefore, during take-off and landing, you can do swallowing action or drink water or chew gum to promote the opening of the eustachian tube and balance the air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane to reduce or avoid hearing loss.