Though small in size, the ovary is the best organ for tumors to occur, and ranks second only to cervical cancer in the incidence of the three major malignant tumors in gynecology. Ovarian malignant tumors can occur at any age, but most of them occur in middle-aged and elderly women over 40 years old. Due to the fact that ovarian tumors are deep-seated in the pelvis with hidden clinical manifestations, 70%~80% of the patients are already in advanced stages and the prognosis is extremely poor. Although decades of efforts have been made, the 5-year survival rate is only 30%~40%. Main risk factors of ovarian cancer The main risk factors affecting the development of ovarian cancer are family aggregation, environmental factors and endocrine factors. 20%-25% of patients with ovarian malignant tumors have family history. The so-called familial aggregation of ovarian cancer refers to the occurrence of the disease in several generations of a family, mainly epithelial cancer. Angelina Jolie is a typical example. Endocrinologically, the process of ovulation and repair of the ovaries may also be involved in the development of the disease. In addition, it has been reported that changes in the environment and dietary structure also increase the risk of ovarian cancer patients at a younger age to a certain extent. In addition, frequent late nights may also increase the risk of ovarian cancer. Researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, USA, studied 1,101 patients with advanced ovarian cancer, 389 patients with early-stage ovarian cancer, and 1,832 women without ovarian cancer, and found that 1/4 of the patients with advanced ovarian cancer and 1/3 of the patients with early-stage ovarian cancer said that during their working life, they had been staying up all night, working night shifts for 2-3 years, while in the group without the disease, only one in two said they had stayed up late, working night shifts, and so on, and only one in two said they had stayed up all night, working night shifts, and so on. while only 1/5 of the non-diseased group reported a higher frequency of night shifts. Further statistics found that those who often stayed up late had a 49% increased risk of early-stage ovarian cancer and a 24% higher risk of advanced ovarian cancer than those who went to bed at a normal time in the evening, and the risk was more pronounced in women over the age of 50. In the past, it was thought that there were not many early symptoms of ovarian malignant tumors, and in fact, some symptoms that do not attract much attention are often overlooked, which is called “the triad of ovarian cancer”. Age: Ovarian epithelial cancer mostly occurs above 40 years old, and if there is any discomfort at this time, we should be especially alert. However, the average age of malignant germ cell tumor is 19 years old, and 80% of the tumors found in young girls before 15 years old are malignant. 2.Abdominal discomfort: including indigestion, abdominal distension, sudden thickening of abdomen, feeling of tightness of pants waist, especially after eating, gastrointestinal flatulence. About 2/3 ovarian cancer patients have ascites, and patients with obvious abdominal distension often have ascites, especially in obese women, which is often mistaken as a result of fat increase of obesity, so it should not be neglected. 3. Ovarian dysfunction: such as irregular menstruation, too much or too little. A new study released at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research in San Diego found that the risk of ovarian cancer in women with irregular menstrual cycles is more than twice as high as that in women with normal menstrual cycles. While the results of this new study do not yet prove that irregular menstruation necessarily leads to ovarian cancer, there does appear to be a correlation between the two. The new study suggests that women with menstrual disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome, should receive early screening for ovarian cancer. Other manifestations of ovarian dysfunction such as endocrine function tumors, which can manifest as high estrogen or androgen production, can also increase the risk of ovarian cancer. In addition, a recent medical study in the United Kingdom found that seven symptoms are associated with ovarian cancer. William Hamilton, M.D., who led the study, and colleagues followed up on 212 women diagnosed with early-stage ovarian cancer, all of whom were over 40 years old, and summarized seven early symptoms associated with ovarian cancer: bloating, frequent urination, abdominal pain, postmenopausal menstruation, loss of appetite, rectal bleeding, and flatulence. Grasp the key of early detection At present, early diagnosis and prevention of ovarian cancer is still a worldwide problem. However, there will be greater benefits if the following measures can be taken. 1.Prevention of high-risk factors: vigorously carry out publicity and education, strengthen high-protein, vitamin A-rich diet, avoid high-cholesterol food, and reduce staying up late. 2, carry out census universal treatment: women over 30 years of age should have gynecological examination every year, and high-risk groups should preferably be examined once every six months in order to exclude ovarian tumors. It would be better if it is combined with B-type ultrasound test, CAl25 and AFP test. Early detection and treatment: apply serum CA125 test, pelvic ultrasound and so on. Solid ovarian tumors or cysts >5 cm in diameter should be removed by timely surgery. Pre-pubertal, postmenopausal or reproductive age women taking oral contraceptives should be considered as ovarian tumor if ovarian enlargement is found. If the diagnosis of pelvic mass is unclear or treatment is ineffective, early laparoscopy or caesarean section should be performed. All patients with breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, etc. should be closely followed up after treatment and have regular gynecological examination. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, and the comprehensive treatment with chemotherapy is the important principle of treating ovarian malignant tumors. Surgery plays a key role, especially for the first time. Surgery plays a key role, especially the first surgery. Once malignant tumor is suspected, caesarean section should be performed as early as possible. According to the result of exploration, the scope of surgery should be decided. For advanced cases, the previous viewpoint of only performing caesarean section and taking biopsy should be abandoned, and surgical treatment should be pursued as far as possible, and any obvious tumor foci should be resected. Chemotherapy. Because ovarian malignant tumor is more sensitive to chemotherapy, even if it has been widely metastasized, chemotherapy can also achieve certain efficacy. It can be used to prevent recurrence and also used for those who cannot be completely resected by surgery, and the patients can get temporary relief or even survive for a long time. For advanced patients who cannot undergo surgery, chemotherapy can make the tumor shrink and create conditions for future surgery. 3.Radiation therapy. It is the auxiliary treatment for surgery and chemotherapy. Anaplastic cell tumor is the most sensitive to radiotherapy, granular cell tumor is moderately sensitive, and epithelial cancer also has certain sensitivity. Even in advanced cases, anaplastic cell tumor can still achieve good curative effect. Long-term monitoring after treatment Ovarian malignant tumors are easy to recur and should be followed up and monitored for a long time. Follow-up time: Generally speaking, within 1 year after surgery, once a month; in the second year after surgery, once every 3 months; in the third year after surgery, once every 4-6 months; if more than 5 years, once a year. 2. Monitoring content: clinical symptoms, signs, general and pelvic examination, B-mode ultrasonography, CT or MRI examination if necessary. Determination of tumor markers, such as CAl25, AFP, HCG and so on. Detection of estrogen, progesterone and androgen for sex hormone-producing tumors.