The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), is one of the most common congenital heart diseases. The ductus arteriosus is a physiological blood flow channel between the pulmonary artery and the aorta in fetal life, located between the beginning of the descending aorta and the root of the left pulmonary artery. So don’t get too nervous if you have an arteriovenous ductus arteriosus, everyone is the same in the fetal period! After birth, as the baby cries, the lungs expand and respiratory movements begin, while the pulmonary capillaries expand and the resistance of the pulmonary circulation decreases. When the pulmonary artery pressure is balanced with the aortic pressure, the aortic blood no longer enters the ductus arteriosus and the ductus arteriosus gradually closes. The ductus arteriosus usually closes within 2-3 weeks after birth, and the ductus arteriosus that never closes after birth can be called ductus arteriosus. Ductus arteriosus can exist alone or in combination with other cardiac malformations, and there are also rare ductus arteriosus aneurysms, which can be classified as funnel-shaped, tubular, or window-shaped. Pathophysiology Because aortic pressure (e.g., 120/60 mmHg) is higher than pulmonary artery pressure (e.g., 22/8 mmHg), the direction of blood flow through the ductus arteriosus is from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. In addition to receiving blood from the right ventricle, the pulmonary artery also receives blood from the aortic shunt, and the pulmonary artery pressure will become higher and higher. shortness of breath, palpitations, easy respiratory infections, pneumonia, feeding difficulties, growth retardation, and even early congestive heart failure manifestations. In late pulmonary hypertension, cyanosis (turning purple) can be seen, and cyanosis of the lower body after activity (differential cyanosis) is common at the beginning. Heart murmur: typically a loud continuous murmur between the 2nd ribs at the left border of the sternum. Diagnosis Mainly echocardiography, chest X-ray and ECG are usually done, and cardiac catheterization is done in patients with advanced pulmonary hypertension. Treatment: 1, drugs, premature infants can try indomethacin (the first 0.2mg/kg), indomethacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, inhibition of epoxyheximide, prevent the synthesis of various types of prostaglandins and offset the role of dilation of the arterial ducts, promote the occlusion of the arterial ducts. 2, surgery, the traditional surgical approach, simple arterial catheter can be left posterior lateral incision, the 4th intercostal into the chest ligation arterial catheter, without injury to the bone, all kinds of arterial catheter can be operated, currently suitable for thick arterial catheter and so on. 3.Interventional occlusion, the current technology is gradually improved, many arterial catheters can be chosen, small trauma, no incision, and gradually become the preferred treatment for many arterial catheters. Complications Rarely, there may be injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, arterial catheter rupture and bleeding, arterial catheter recanalization, celiac disease, stent dislodgement, complications of interventional puncture, etc. Prognosis The prognosis is good, with no special attention to life and learning, as in healthy children, with a life expectancy within the normal range.