Which TB patients need hospitalization Most TB patients can be treated on an outpatient basis under the supervision of a medical professional, while some patients still need to be hospitalized for a period of time. Hospitalization is known to increase the financial burden on patients. Therefore, knowing the indications for hospitalization can save patients money or allow them to choose timely measures that are more beneficial to their health. So, which TB patients need to be hospitalized? Patients with acute illnesses. Patients with life-threatening conditions such as hemoptysis, pneumothorax, or severe symptoms of tuberculosis poisoning such as fever need to be hospitalized to control risk factors or symptoms of tuberculosis poisoning before being treated on an outpatient basis. Second, patients with chronic underlying diseases. For example, patients with chronic bronchitis, pulmonary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and other diseases need to be hospitalized. These patients are not simple TB patients, so anti-TB drugs alone would be too weak, and when choosing anti-TB drugs, the effect of the drugs on the underlying disease must be taken into account, so close professional observation is needed to adjust the type and dosage of drugs. After the chronic disease is controlled and an effective program is developed, the patient will be followed up in the outpatient clinic. Third, special populations of TB patients. For example, children or the elderly and frail need to be hospitalized to develop an appropriate anti-TB regimen before being followed up in the outpatient setting. Current anti-TB panel combinations do not take into account individualized treatment doses and therapies, and the above patients may have difficulty tolerating anti-TB medications and therefore require close observation by medical staff. Some patients with positive sputum bacteria, when it is difficult to isolate from family members due to conditions, can be hospitalized for intensive treatment, and then followed up in the outpatient clinic after the sputum bacteria have turned negative. Fourth, patients with tuberculous pleurisy. The disease requires comprehensive systemic and local treatment, and anti-TB drugs alone are ineffective. Untimely and inappropriate treatment of this disease can lead to thickening and adhesion of the pleura, making it difficult to absorb the pleural fluid and even affecting the quality of life. In my experience of treating such patients, I often encounter patients who come to our hospital for treatment only after several weeks outside of the hospital, which has been delayed to the point that medical treatment is hardly effective, which is regrettable for the patients. V. Patients with refractory tuberculosis. For example, patients with multiple episodes of tuberculosis whose disease cannot be controlled or even worsened after systematic treatment need to be hospitalized to choose a good anti-TB program and to take other therapeutic avenues to assist in the treatment to achieve better results. Tuberculosis is a highly prevalent disease in China and is highly valued by the government. The clinical use of free anti-TB combinations has been a boon to the control of TB. However, the complexity of TB control cannot be ignored and the above patients require inpatient treatment followed by outpatient consultation.