What is Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson’s disease, also known as tremor palsy, was first reported in 1817 by British physician James Parkinson. Parkinson’s disease was first reported by James Parkinson in 1817, and was named “Parkinson disease (PD)” in honor of Dr. Parkinson’s contribution to the disease. After more than 200 years of research, the pathological and biochemical mechanism of Parkinson’s disease is basically clear: it is caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. According to the International Parkinson’s Disease Society, there are more than 4 million people with Parkinson’s disease worldwide, and its prevalence increases with age, generally above 1% in people over 55 years old, and increases to 2% in people over 65 years old. With the advent of an aging global population, there is an increasing trend of Parkinson’s disease patients. Parkinson’s disease has become an important disease that threatens human health. Domestic surveys show that the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in people over 65 years of age is 1.7% in men and 1.6% in women, according to which the total number of people suffering from the disease in China is estimated to be about 2 million, accounting for half of the 4 million patients in the world. There are nearly 100,000 new cases each year; 40% to 70% of Parkinson’s disease patients in China are undiagnosed. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct research, diagnosis and treatment, and health education on Parkinson’s disease in China. What are the main manifestations of Parkinson’s disease? (a) Motor symptoms 1. Resting tremor Appears or is obvious when at rest, decreases or stops when moving at will, mostly in the limbs. 2, muscle stiffness muscle stiffness, movement effort, heaviness and weakness. 3.Motor retardation Decreased random movement, difficulty in starting various activities and motor retardation, especially starting, turning and rolling movements. 4.Posture reflex disorder The patient’s trunk is bent forward, the pace is small, and the ground is scraped forward, which often leads to tipping because of the inability to adjust the position change in time. 5.Swallowing difficulty and dysarthria often coexist, or may exist in isolation. (B) Non-motor symptoms 1.Sleep disorders include insomnia, daytime sleepiness, restless legs syndrome, abnormal REM sleep behavior, etc. 2, autonomic dysfunction including upright hypotension, constipation, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary incontinence, abnormal sweating, salivation, seborrhea, sexual dysfunction, etc. 3, neuropsychiatric symptoms depression, anxiety, apathy, lack of pleasure, decreased attention, hallucinations, delusions, dementia, compulsive behavior, etc. 4.Sensory abnormalities including olfactory disorders, pain, numbness, visual disorders, etc. 5.Other non-motor symptoms including weight loss, anorexia, leg edema, etc.