Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection generally has a good prognosis, with a mortality rate usually less than 0.1%. However, the prognosis is poor in cases of complicated central nervous system infections. Mycoplasma is a microorganism between bacteria and viruses, there are more than 80 kinds, no cell wall, into a variety of forms such as spherical, rod, filamentous, Gram stain negative. Among them, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the main pathogen of pneumonia in adolescents aged 5 to 15 years. I. What are the characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection? It mainly causes acute tracheobronchitis, capillary bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, lobar pneumonia, etc. The main features are as follows: 1. The airway mucosa is congested and edematous, with epithelial necrosis and detachment; 2. The infection is generally superficial, with the lumen filled with neutrophils and macrophages, and the lesion may also invade the submucosa and peribronchi, producing lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration; 3. The alveoli may contain a small amount of mononuclear cell-based exudate, and focal pulmonary atelectasis, pulmonary solidification, and emphysema may occur; 4. markedly congested, and the interstitium of the lung is infiltrated mainly by neutrophils and large mononuclear cells. The incubation period of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection averages 2.5 weeks (4 days to 3 weeks), and long-term incubation is an important diagnostic basis for it. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is mainly transmitted by droplets between close contacts over a long period of time, and the pathogen can be excreted 2-8 days before the onset of the disease, and is also infectious during the acute phase. Second, what are the symptoms of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection? 1, the initial symptoms are similar to the flu, with discomfort, sore throat and dry cough . As the disease progresses, the symptoms worsen and a paroxysmal cough may appear, with mucus-like or mucopurulent or blood-streaked sputum when coughing. 2. The development of the disease is slow, and the acute symptoms usually last for 1 to 2 weeks with gradual recovery, and there may be malaise and general discomfort for several weeks. 3, symptoms are generally mild, usually self-healing, the course of the disease about 1 to 3 weeks, but a few patients have severe pneumonia. 4. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can cause asthma. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can trigger asthma attacks or aggravate asthma attacks and prolong the course of the disease; mycoplasma pneumoniae infection accounts for about 50% to 62% of children with first asthma attacks and about 20% to 50% of children with acute asthma attacks. Chronic infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae can lead to increased secretion of Th2 cytokines, causing small airway constriction and inflammatory cell infiltration, thereby exacerbating the chronic inflammatory response and hyperresponsiveness of the airways in asthmatic patients. (5) Extra-pulmonary complications are common and include: congestion of the pharynx and ear drums, in a few cases rash, superficial lymph node enlargement, gastroenteritis, pericarditis, myocarditis, hepatitis, nephritis, nephropathy, encephalitis, and meningitis. Third, how to check and confirm the diagnosis after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection? 1, blood white blood cell count is normal, or slightly increased; 2, mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody positive or titer greater than 1:160; 3, throat swab culture can be obtained mycoplasma pneumoniae; 4, chest x-ray: early mainly reticulated shadows, mainly interstitial lesions, shallow shadows, segmental distribution, can also be manifested as bronchopneumonia changes, a few large lobe distribution, may occur solid changes. A few combined with pleural effusion; 5. At the same time, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia should be distinguished from tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia and other diseases. Fourth, how to treat mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with drugs? 1, symptomatic treatment The disease is self-limiting, a few cases can be self-cured without treatment; appropriate rest, supply adequate water and nutrition; choose antipyretic and analgesic drugs with slow and long-lasting effect, such as acetophen; sputum and cough, remove nasal secretions, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, if necessary, nebulized inhalation drugs. 2, antibacterial treatment Clinical first choice of azithromycin, dosage of 10mg/(kg-d), 5 days as a course of treatment. Depending on the situation, it can be applied for 2 to 4 courses, or even longer. Azithromycin only needs to be administered once a day for fewer days and has become the treatment of choice . However, for infants under 6 months of age, azithromycin should be used with caution especially with intravenous preparations, and oral azithromycin preparations are preferred. Mycoplasma pneumonia is treated formally in hospital for at least 2 weeks and then changed to oral medication, otherwise the course of treatment is too short and prone to recurrence. The current leading drugs for the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia are the new macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin), tetracyclines (doxycycline, minocycline) and quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin) drugs. The course of anti-infective therapy usually lasts 10-14 days and can be extended to about 3 weeks in some refractory cases, but complete absorption of lung shadows should not be used as an indication for discontinuation of antibacterial drugs. Among the three types of antimicrobial drugs mentioned above, fluoroquinolones should generally be avoided in minors under 18 years of age; tetracyclines can cause yellowing of teeth and enamel dysplasia, and should not be used in children under 8 years of age. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection generally has a good prognosis, with a mortality rate usually less than 0.1%. However, the prognosis is poorer in cases of complicated central nervous system infections. Please refer to your doctor’s instructions for specific medications.