Posterior scleral reinforcement is a procedure that applies allogeneic or autologous biomaterials or synthetic materials to reinforce the sclera at the posterior pole of the eye to stop the progressive expansion of the sclera at the posterior pole and the progressive lengthening of the eye axis in order to stop or alleviate the development of myopia. 1. How does posterior scleral reinforcement surgery increase myopia? The mechanism of this surgery is: ① mechanical strengthening of the posterior sclera, the implanted material will eventually gradually merge with the recipient sclera to stop the expansion of the eye and the lengthening of the eye axis and slow down the progression of myopia; ② formation of a new vascular network of the sclera to improve the nutrition of the sclera, choroid and retina. Myopic patients have lesions in the fundus due to the lengthening of the eye axis, especially highly myopic patients, which manifest as thinning and atrophy degeneration of the peripheral retina, and once retinal fissures appear, retinal detachment may occur and they face the risk of blindness. Therefore, posterior scleral reinforcement effectively limits the expansion of the eye, stops the lengthening of the eye, promotes the formation of new blood vessels in the sclera and strengthens the blood circulation in the eye, thus achieving the purpose of controlling the development of myopia. 2.How is posterior scleral reinforcement done? It is a minimally invasive surgery in which a certain size of allograft sclera is implanted into the eye under direct microscopic vision, and only a fixed suture is made at the front of the sclera. The operation steps are simple and the operation time is short (about 15 minutes). Unlike the previous posterior scleral reinforcement surgery, there is no need to break the muscle, which causes little damage; there is no need to suture the posterior part of the implanted allograft sclera, which does not cause damage to the optic nerve and the vortex vein, etc. 3.Who is suitable for posterior scleral reinforcement surgery? (1) High myopia (adults >-6D, children >-4D) with posterior scleral chylomalacia; (2) Pathological myopia with retinal choroidal degeneration in the fundus; (3) Rapid myopia growth with refractive error increasing more than 1.0D per year; (4) Pathological myopia with clear genetic predisposition; (5) Exclusion of other eye diseases.