Ms. Wang found a lump on her right breast when she was taking a shower. After going to the breast surgery department of the hospital, the doctor suggested her to have a breast lump biopsy. Ms. Wang was a little worried: why should she have a lump biopsy, is it because the lump is malignant? What kind of biopsy should be the best choice? In fact, the need for biopsy does not mean that the lump must be malignant, because breast lump biopsy is the gold standard for identifying benign and malignant, so Ms. Wang should not be too nervous when she is told that she needs to have a lump biopsy, but should choose the appropriate biopsy method under the guidance of her doctor. A breast mass biopsy is a puncture aspiration of the mass, or removal of some or all of the tissue material from the lesion, for pathological examination. A breast lump biopsy can identify whether the lump is benign or malignant, and if it is malignant, it can be further examined for staging and grading to help the doctor develop further treatment plans. The most common forms of breast biopsy are: fine needle aspiration, coarse needle aspiration, vacuum aspiration system and open surgery. Fine needle aspiration is performed under local anesthesia, using a fine needle to penetrate the mass percutaneously. If performed under ultrasound guidance, it can improve the accuracy of the biopsy. The disadvantage is that the specimen can only be examined cytologically and the lesion cannot be examined histologically, whereas histopathological examination is more accurate and reliable. The main method used for breast mass biopsy in leading international and domestic hospitals is coarse needle aspiration to clarify the pathological diagnosis before surgery. A small incision is made in the skin with a sharp knife and a thicker needle is used to penetrate the lump, which can be guided by ultrasound or MRI. This can be done under the guidance of ultrasound or MRI. The coarse needle aspiration allows for the retrieval of strips of tissue for further histopathological examination. Many patients may have the concern that coarse needle aspiration biopsy may cause metastasis of tumor cells. In fact, various stimuli to the tumor, including general mechanical compression, surgery, etc. can cause tumor cells to be shed and enter the blood circulation, but this does not necessarily occur metastasis because the immune system will kill them quickly. As for the problem of cancer implantation on the puncture needle tract, that is not necessary to worry much because the tumor cannot grow in the short term, and the surgery will remove the puncture needle tract and the skin tissue at the puncture site together. Once the needle biopsy is confirmed to be cancer, the patient should actively cooperate with the doctor for timely formal treatment. Vacuum puncture system is a new technology developed in recent years, which has the tendency to replace the open surgical biopsy method. The biopsy method is performed under local or general anesthesia, and an incision of about 0.3 cm is made on the skin with a sharp knife, and a rotary cutter is placed under the guidance of ultrasound or MRI, and the lesion is spun and aspirated for pathological histological examination. This system allows for thicker strips of tissue and larger biopsies than coarse needle aspiration. The vacuum puncture system also allows for the excision of single or multiple smaller benign breast masses, achieving the same efficacy as open surgery. Due to the small trauma, the cosmetic requirements of the patient are met and the patient can resume normal work and life the next day. The technique is accurately positioned and hardly affects the appearance of the breast, and is especially suitable for young female patients. The disadvantage is that it is more expensive, and some patients cannot afford it due to their economic conditions. Open surgery used to be the gold standard for breast lump biopsy, done under local or general anesthesia, allowing for excision or removal of the lump for pathological histological examination. The disadvantages of this biopsy method are that it is more invasive and the scars may be aesthetically disfiguring. The impact of scarring can be reduced to some extent through an areolar incision. Due to the rapid development of minimally invasive biopsy techniques, open surgical biopsies are decreasing and are commonly used for biopsy of breast masses with high suspicion of malignancy to facilitate further treatment (mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery, axillary lymph node dissection, etc.) immediately after pathological confirmation. In conclusion, breast lump biopsy is a relatively safe operation, with local anesthesia with only a painful pinprick when the anesthetic is injected, and no pain after anesthesia, and minimal discomfort during general anesthesia. After the operation, bruising, discomfort, swelling and a small amount of effusion may occur. You can eat and drink normally, wear a sports bra, and take some painkillers or apply an ice pack to reduce pain and swelling if necessary. If the biopsy site is red, hot or has increased effusion, you need to go to the hospital if painkillers cannot stop the pain. However, patients with breast lesions who have undergone puncture biopsy and the pathological results are not malignant still should not be taken lightly, because there is a very small percentage of patients with breast lesions who are biopsied again and still diagnosed as malignant tumors. Therefore, the conclusion of the puncture should be combined with the clinical data to make a more accurate judgment.