Children are at high risk for hernia. Common childhood hernias are inguinal and umbilical hernias. Most umbilical hernias in children heal spontaneously or get better at the age of 1-2 years and observation is recommended. I will discuss the diagnosis and management of inguinal hernia in children. Inguinal hernia in children is the most common birth defect disorder, with a higher incidence in premature infants. As the fetus grows and develops, the genitalia also mature and descend, which can lead to an inguinal hernia if the sphincter does not occlude during this process. In males, the testes eventually descend to the base of the scrotum, and the right side descends later, so the ratio of male to female inguinal hernia incidence is 15:1, with the right side being 6 times higher than the left side. The occurrence of pediatric inguinal hernia is closely related to the development of the reproductive system, and some of the affected children will be accompanied by deformities of the reproductive system. Therefore, I recommend that once a pediatric inguinal hernia is detected, it should be seen by a hospital specialist for timely treatment. As the child grows up, the gradual strengthening of the abdominal wall tissues can make some inguinal hernias disappear. In China, it is generally recommended to use the strapping method or pediatric hernia belt for children under 1 year of age and to wait until after 1 year of age for surgery. However, the probability of such self-healing is very small and the local compression is very painful and difficult to adhere to. In addition the chance of hernia incarceration is much higher in children than in adults. Therefore, in Europe and the United States, inguinal hernias in pediatric patients are treated surgically to reduce the risk of herniorrhaphy. This view is gradually being accepted in China as well. Likewise, I recommend surgical treatment of pediatric inguinal hernia when it is detected. Will general anesthesia damage the child’s brain and affect growth and development? This is the main concern of every parent. Pediatric surgery requires general anesthesia because children cannot actively cooperate with surgery. Existing medical clinics and studies have no evidence of a link between them. The expert’s advice is that any necessary surgery should not be refused in order to avoid general anesthesia. If an incarcerated hernia develops, the difficulty of the operation will increase exponentially and the operation time will be significantly longer, even requiring two operations, which would be more than worth the cost. Of course, anesthetics, like any drug, have adverse effects that can be avoided. Therefore, I recommend that pediatric inguinal hernia surgery requires adequate communication between an experienced specialist and the family in order to reach a consensus. Pediatric inguinal hernia surgery can be cured by simply performing a high ligation of the hernia sac, without tissue repair, much less patching. There are two types of surgery: traditional surgery and minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery can safely treat inguinal hernias and also allows simultaneous examination for the presence of bilateral hernias, and should be preferred because of its mild postoperative pain, quick recovery, and aesthetic incision. I recommend that pediatric inguinal hernias are best operated on in a specialty with laparoscopic experience. What does an ingrown hernia look like? It is very important that parents of children with inguinal hernias need to be concerned about the presence of an ingrown hernia at all times. An ingrown hernia presents as a localized mass that does not shrink and is associated with pain. As the condition progresses, symptoms of intestinal obstruction such as abdominal distention, vomiting, and cessation of bowel movements, as well as systemic manifestations such as fever and dehydration, appear. Children are unable to express themselves and often only show crying and difficulty in eating, which is very easy to neglect. Keeping stools open and avoiding crying and repeated coughing are also effective measures to reduce hernia impaction. In the event of an ingrown hernia, I do not recommend that parents retract the hernia on their own and should seek immediate specialist emergency care. Finally, I would like to remind you that the so-called “minimally invasive or even non-invasive cure for hernia” is actually an injection treatment. Blood lessons have proven that this not only cannot cure the hernia, but also can cause serious consequences such as abdominal adhesions, intestinal obstruction, spermatic cord vascular occlusion, vas deferens damage, and even loss of fertility. Injectable treatment is no longer used in regular hospitals and should be abandoned!