Currently, there are 200 million hypertensive patients in China, with one in five adults suffering from hypertension. Hypertension is the main cause of stroke and coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. Understanding the risk factors of hypertension is important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Risk factors for hypertension can be divided into two categories: modifiable and non-modifiable. The former include genetics, age and gender. In general, the offspring of parents with hypertension are more likely to get hypertension; the incidence of hypertension increases with age; women have a slightly lower pre-menopausal prevalence than men, but it increases rapidly after menopause, even more than men. Modifiable risk factors are mainly caused by some poor lifestyles and play a crucial role in the prevention of hypertension, mainly including the following factors: 1. High sodium and low potassium diets Sodium salt (sodium chloride) intake is positively correlated with blood pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension, while potassium salt intake is negatively correlated with blood pressure levels. The correlation between dietary sodium/potassium ratio and blood pressure is even stronger. Diets high in sodium and low in potassium are the most important risk factors for the development of hypertension in most patients in China. In most areas of China, per capita salt intake is more than 12-15 grams per day (sodium intake should be controlled to less than 6 grams per day). The 24-hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio, which reflects the amount of dietary sodium/potassium, is above 6 in our population, while it is only 2-3 in Western populations. 2. Overweight and obesity Body fat content is positively correlated with blood pressure levels. Body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure levels in the population is positively correlated (BMI is calculated as weight Kg/height m2, the normal value is 18-24Kg/m2), BMI every 3kg/m2 increase, the risk of hypertension in 4 years, men increased by 50%, women increased by 57%. A pooled analysis of the follow-up data of 240,000 adults in China showed that the risk of hypertension in those with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m was 3-4 times higher than that in those with normal weight. The distribution of body fat is also associated with the development of hypertension. The more abdominal fat accumulation, the higher the blood pressure level. The risk of hypertension in men with a waist circumference of ≥90 cm or women with a waist circumference of ≥85 cm is more than 4 times higher than that in people with a normal waist circumference. With the socio-economic development and improvement of living standard in China, the proportion and number of overweight and obese people in the population have increased significantly. In the urban middle-aged population, the proportion of overweight people has reached 25-30%. Overweight and obesity will become another important risk factor for the growth of the prevalence of hypertension in China. 3, alcohol consumption Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, and the prevalence of hypertension in the population increases with the amount of alcohol consumed. Although a small amount of alcohol will reduce blood pressure in a short period of time, but long-term small amount of alcohol can cause a mild increase in blood pressure; excessive alcohol consumption will cause a significant increase in blood pressure. If the average daily alcohol consumption is >3 standard glasses (1 standard glass is equivalent to 12 grams of alcohol, about 360 grams of beer, or 100 grams of wine, or 30 grams of liquor), the systolic and diastolic blood pressure will increase by an average of 3.5 mmHg and 2.1 mmHg respectively, and the increase in blood pressure will increase with the amount of alcohol consumed. In China, a large number of people drink alcohol, and some men with hypertension have a long-term habit of drinking alcohol and strong alcohol, so the effect of long-term excessive alcohol consumption on blood pressure and the occurrence of hypertension should be taken seriously. Alcohol consumption will also reduce the efficacy of antihypertensive treatment, while excessive alcohol consumption can induce acute cerebral hemorrhage or myocardial infarction attack. 4, mental tension Long-term mental stress is also a risk factor for the development of hypertension, long-term engagement in highly stressful work of the population increased the prevalence of hypertension. 5, other risk factors Other risk factors for the development of hypertension include lack of physical activity, etc.