Congenital heart disease refers to the abnormal development of the heart and large blood vessels during embryonic period, also known as congenital heart malformation. Local anatomical abnormalities caused by disorders in the formation of the heart and great vessels during embryonic development, especially during the first 2-3 months of pregnancy, or failure to close channels that should close automatically after birth (normal in the fetus), are collectively referred to as congenital heart disease. The main clinical manifestations are recurrent respiratory infections, growth retardation, cardiac insufficiency and cyanosis. The congenital heart disease is clinically classified into two categories according to the presence or absence of persistent cyanosis: ① non-cyanotic congenital heart disease: it is often detected by the physician’s auscultation of heart murmurs during physical examination or other diseases, such as: arteriovenous ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary valve stenosis, aortic arch narrowing, partial pulmonary vein ectopic drainage, etc.; ② cyanotic congenital heart disease: the child develops cyanosis immediately after birth or gradually. The most common ones are tetralogy of Fallot, complete macrovascular misalignment and tricuspid valve subluxation. Severe complex heart malformations, if left untreated, 30% fracture in the first month of life and 60% die within 1 year of age. Many children with complex cardiac malformations can be cured shortly after birth, and the survival rate of surgery has improved significantly. Therefore, early diagnosis is of great value in guiding treatment and reducing perinatal and neonatal mortality. Treatment countermeasures for precocious heart disease include surgical, interventional and pharmacological treatments. The choice of treatment and the most appropriate time for surgery should be based on the condition and should be recommended by a cardiologist for the specific circumstances of the child.