Classification of sleep disorders and diagnostic criteria
I. International Classification of Sleep Disorders and Diagnostic Criteria
Commonly used are the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), and International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) Guidelines. These criteria are largely similar and differ in some subtype divisions.
Second, China’s sleep disorder classification and diagnostic criteria
China mostly adopts the Chinese basic psychiatric classification scheme and diagnostic criteria (CCMD-2-R), whose classification of sleep and wakefulness disorders (1995) includes various non-organic sleep and wakefulness rhythm disorders, excluding sleep and wakefulness disorders caused by organic brain lesions or somatic factors.
1.Diagnostic criteria for insomnia.
(1) Sleep disorder is almost the only symptom, other symptoms are secondary to insomnia, including difficulty in falling asleep, sleep is not deep, easy to wake up, dreamy, early awakening, not easy to fall asleep again after waking up, feeling uncomfortable after waking up, fatigue or daytime sleepiness, etc.
(2)The above sleep disorders occur at least 3 times a week and last for more than 1 month.
(3)Insomnia causes significant distress or decreased efficiency of mental activities, or hinders social function.
(4)It is not part of any kind of physical disease or mental disorder symptoms.
2.Diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy.
(1) Excessive daytime sleep, lasting for more than 1 month.
(2) Not the following conditions: I insufficient sleep time; II prolonged time from arousal to full wakefulness, or apnea during sleep; III additional symptoms of episodic sleeping sickness (such as sudden collapse disorder, sleep paralysis, sleep hallucinations or waking hallucinations, etc.); IV organic brain disease or somatic disease caused by narcolepsy; V other mental disorders with sleep disorder as one of the symptoms.
3.Diagnostic criteria of sleep walking disorder.
(1) Getting up and moving around in sleep, usually lasting for several minutes, less than 1h.
(2) No verbal response, not easy to wake up.
(3) Return to bed or lie down on the floor to continue sleeping on their own after the attack.
(4) No recollection of what happened when awakened the next morning.
(5) No evidence of dementia or hysteria, which can coexist with epilepsy, but should be differentiated from epileptic seizures.
4. Diagnostic criteria for night terrors.
(1) The young child suddenly shrieks and cries during sleep, accompanied by frightened expressions and movements, as well as autonomic function symptoms such as increased heart rate, shortness of breath, sweating, and dilated pupils. The seizures usually occur within a relatively short period of time after night sleep, and each seizure lasts 1-10 min.
(2) Complete amnesia of the seizure experience after the seizure.
(3) Exclude febrile convulsions and seizures.
5. Diagnostic criteria for nightmares.
(1) Suddenly awakened by nightmares during sleep, can clearly recall the horror content of the dream, and still have palpitations, usually in the late night sleep seizures.
(2) After waking up from a horrible dream, the patient quickly regains orientation and is in a waking state. Feel uncomfortable about the horror experience in the dream and the sleep disorder caused.
6.Other sleep and wakefulness disorders.
7.Unspecified sleep and wakefulness disorder.