When it comes to lumbar spine diseases, you may think of lumbar disc herniation, and many people may suffer from this disease. But have you understood all the lumbar spine diseases? The main lumbar spine diseases are: lumbar disc herniation, lumbar intervertebral system infection, lumbar small joint disorder, lumbar spinal stenosis, postural lumbar leg pain, lumbar compression fracture, lumbar instability, chronic lumbar muscle strain, acute lumbar sprain, lumbar tuberculosis, third lumbar transverse synovial syndrome, etc. Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation: early on, pain in the lumbar region with restricted activity, relieved by rest. This is followed by radiating pain in the lower extremities, numbness and weakness of the lower extremities with or without abnormal urination and defecation. Lumbar intervertebral space infection: lumbar pain and limitation of movement. “Fracture”-like lumbar pain, spasmodic distension of the lumbar region or/and calf muscle belly at the slightest stimulation, with no obvious restricted pain points at rest. Refusal to support when turning, aggravated by mood swings and environmental stimuli, requiring painkillers at night. Posterior small joint disorder of lumbar spine: when the relationship between the superior and inferior synapses of the posterior joint is abnormal, pain can be produced by synovial imbrication in the acute stage, and traumatic arthritis of the posterior joint can be produced in chronic cases, and lumbago can occur. This pain mostly occurs at 1.5 cm next to the spinous process and may have radiating pain to the ipsilateral hip or posterior thigh. The radiating pain of this disease usually does not exceed the knee joint and is not accompanied by signs of nerve root damage such as sensation, muscle weakness and loss of reflexes. Lumbar spinal stenosis: intermittent claudication is the most prominent symptom. Patients complain of soreness, numbness, and weakness of the lower limbs after walking for a certain distance, and must squat down to rest before continuing to walk. Cycling may be asymptomatic. Patients complaining of many symptoms but few signs are also important features. A small number of patients show signs of radicular nerve injury. Severe central stenosis may present with urinary and fecal incontinence, and special tests such as myelography and CT scan may further confirm the diagnosis. Postural low back pain: There are many reasons for the occurrence of postural low back pain, such as various congenital or acquired deformities of the lower limbs. In the early stage, the pain is felt when the lumbar region is active and is relieved after rest. Later, when the lumbar pain starts to move after resting, it is aggravated and can be relieved after continuing to move slowly for several minutes. However, if the activity is prolonged, the back pain is too weak to continue working. No matter what position you are in, you cannot hold on to it for too long, so change your position as often as necessary. Compression fracture of thoracolumbar spine: there is a clear history of trauma; local swelling and pain in the thoracolumbar region, local pressure pain and percussion pain, and limited lumbar activities; those with bone marrow injury may have different degrees of functional impairment. Lumbar instability: there is often lumbar soreness, swelling and weakness, fear of standing, like to rely on, most patients do not want to carry heavy objects to reduce the lumbar load. Symptoms such as numbness and pain of bilateral lower limbs appear for a long time, and the symptoms disappear immediately or are significantly reduced after lying down. Chronic lumbar muscle strain: long-term recurrent pain in the low back, dull distension or soreness, sometimes light and sometimes heavy, and difficult to heal. It is aggravated by exertion and relieved by rest; relieved by proper activity and frequent change of position, and aggravated by excessive activity. Inability to work with bending. The pressure pain in the lumbar back is widespread, with pressure points mostly at the back of the sacroiliac joint, the back of the sacrum and the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae. There is a comfortable sensation on percussion of the lumbar region. Interspinous supraspinous ligament injury: the main clinical manifestation of interspinous ligament injury has obvious history of trauma, and low back pain is felt immediately after trauma, and the pain and pressure pain are located in the middle between the two spinous processes, and the pain is increased by heavy pressure, generally limited to 1-2 spinous processes. The pain can be aggravated after exertion and when bending over, and can be temporarily relieved after rest. Acute lumbar sprain: severe pain in the lumbar region, restricted movement, inability to turn over, sit, stand and walk, often maintaining a certain forced position to reduce pain. The pain is persistent, aggravated by activity and cannot be eliminated even after rest, with pressure points at the injury site and generally without lower limb radiating pain. Third lumbar transverse process syndrome: history of lumbar trauma or strain, sensitive pressure pain at the tip of the third lumbar transverse process, and palpable nodules. Lumbar spine tuberculosis: early limited lumbar spine tuberculosis can irritate the adjacent nerve roots, causing lumbar pain and radiating pain in the lower extremities. Lumbar spine tuberculosis has the systemic response of tuberculosis with more severe lumbar pain and destruction of the vertebral body or pedicle visible on X-ray. CT scan is uniquely useful for early limited tuberculous lesions of the vertebral body that cannot be visualized on X-ray. Vertebral metastases: increased pain, worse at night, patient is debilitated, primary tumor can be detected. osteolytic destruction of the vertebral body is seen on X-ray plain film or CT. Spinal meningioma and cauda equina neuroma: chronic progressive disorder without intermittent improvement or self-healing, often with urinary and fecal incontinence. MRI examination can clarify the diagnosis. As we know, the most obvious symptoms of lumbar spondylosis are low back and leg pain, sacral pain, and spinal pain, but we need to understand one thing: these pains are not all exclusive to lumbar spondylosis. This involves the differential diagnosis of lumbar spondylosis and other diseases. The main ones are: differentiation from pear-shaped muscle syndrome, differentiation from superior gluteal nerve entrapment syndrome, differentiation from N cord and gastrocnemius strain, differentiation from gynecological lumbosacral pain, differentiation from pelvic tumor, differentiation from vascular pain, differentiation from sacroiliac joint lesions (femoral head necrosis, hip tuberculosis, knee osteoarthritis, sacroiliac joint strain, sacroiliac joint tumor and tumor-like lesions). I hope to remind patients to avoid misdiagnosis and delay in treatment. I would also like to remind you to exercise more everyday to prevent lumbar spine diseases and avoid the harm of lumbar spine diseases. For lumbar spondylosis patients to do a good diagnosis, timely and correct treatment, do a good job to be lumbar spondylosis care and diet, get rid of the disease torture as soon as possible.