With the increasing aging of the population worldwide, the incidence and age of hip fractures have increased significantly, and hip fractures in the elderly pose a serious challenge to people’s health and quality of life, and are associated with a high rate of disability and mortality. Most of the domestic literature focuses on the follow-up of long-term functional status after hip fracture surgery, but there are few studies on the early outcome observation of elderly patients. For hip fractures, previous studies have focused on the functional status and survival of patients in long-term follow-up, but for elderly patients, the assessment of early outcome is also of great value. In the literature, it has been reported that hip fractures have a high incidence of complications within 3 months after surgery, and the mortality rate is higher within 30 d after surgery. Therefore, short-term follow-up can directly assess whether the surgical indication, timing and method are appropriate; short-term postoperative functional status prediction can help to communicate with patients and their families in a timely manner, formulate more detailed postoperative rehabilitation plans, and eliminate patients’ concerns. On the other hand, because the postoperative rehabilitation conditions of elderly hip fractures are closely related to functional recovery, under the current conditions of still mainly home care rehabilitation in China, the family environment in which patients live varies greatly, so the interfering factors of long-term follow-up are uncertain; at the same time, for elderly patients, early follow-up eliminates the influence of factors such as natural illness or death in the same age group to the maximum extent. Of course, there is also a significant correlation between the general condition of patients in the early postoperative period and their long-term survival status. 2. Surgical efficacy and prevention of complications in elderly hip fractures The superiority of surgical treatment of hip fractures over non-surgical treatment has been widely recognized by scholars at home and abroad. With the improvement of people’s demand for quality of life, active surgical treatment of hip fracture in the elderly has become the development trend, which can reduce the time of bed rest, heal the fracture in the shortest possible time, and restore good function. Of course, elderly people are characterized by weakness, poor organ function, many pre-fracture coexisting diseases, and high surgical risks, and especially elderly patients have a high mortality rate within 30 d after surgery. Early complications of surgery in this group of cases mainly include impairment of organ functions such as heart, brain, lung and kidney, cognitive impairment, deep vein thrombosis and stress ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract, etc. Therefore, we should have a comprehensive understanding of the patient’s general condition before surgery, strictly grasp the indications, and realize that hip surgery in the elderly is only one aspect of treatment, and the patient’s recovery depends on the full cooperation of internal medicine, anesthesiology, rehabilitation and even psychosomatic departments. Specific measures include: detailed preoperative assessment of the patient’s pre-injury living ability and mental status to improve the function of all organs as much as possible; selection of surgical methods as simple and effective as possible to reduce surgical trauma and bleeding; anesthesia methods to minimize the impact on respiration and circulation; strengthening postoperative functional exercises, timely sputum removal, encouraging coughing, and getting off the floor as early as possible. (1) Systemic status and comorbidities: Systemic functional status is undoubtedly an important factor in determining the prognosis, and more comorbidities, especially cardiovascular system, respiratory system diseases and diabetes, increase the treatment difficulty and complication rate of hip fracture in the elderly. Some scholars believe that patients’ preoperative systemic status and risk factor score have clinical value for prognostic assessment, and preoperative health status is closely related to postoperative morbidity and mortality, with acute myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infection, and respiratory failure being the main causes of patient death. The clinic should weigh the advantages and disadvantages according to the specific systemic condition of the patient and choose the appropriate treatment method in order to achieve satisfactory results. For this study, it is suggested that patients in the high risk group have significantly increased complications, mortality and hospitalization days, and the satisfactory rate of clinical recovery is low, so surgery should be carefully selected; for patients in the moderate risk group, surgery should be selected as much as possible under the premise of active treatment of comorbidities; for patients in the relatively safe group, surgery should be performed as soon as possible. (2) Age, gender and fracture site: Although the results showed a significant correlation between age and the systemic status of elderly patients, there was no direct relationship between surgical efficacy and age in this study, and the reason for this difference was that the scale of grasp of surgical indications was not determined by age. In addition, although older women tend to have osteoporosis and have a relatively higher incidence of fracture age and intertrochanteric fracture, gender and fracture site are not prognostic factors. (3) Preoperative nutritional status: The nutritional status of elderly patients is generally poor, and fracture weakens the reserve and compensatory capacity of important organs. In this data, severe malnutrition accounts for 1/5 of the total number of cases, and there is a correlation between hematocrit and albumin content and the degree of postoperative recovery. Anemia, hypoproteinemia, and negative nitrogen balance due to low diet can affect cellular-humoral immunity and increase the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection, and also affect the healing of local wounds. (4) Cognitive impairment: The incidence of preoperative combined or postoperative psychiatric abnormalities in elderly patients is high, which is harmful to the elderly and easily overlooked by health care professionals. Patients with combined cognitive impairment cannot cooperate with rehabilitation treatment after surgery, and are often unable to achieve the expected goals of surgery due to bed rest, communication difficulties and inadequate care. (5) Time factor: It is currently believed that long-term bed rest after fracture in the elderly is a fatal threat, and the treatment should minimize the bed rest time and strive for early bed activity. Clinical studies have shown that delaying surgery for more than 3 days preoperatively will increase the mortality rate of patients by a factor of 1. Most of the cases in this data were operated within 1 week after surgery, so there was no significant difference in the time from injury to surgery in the A, B, and C rehabilitation groups, while the time in the D rehabilitation group was significantly longer than the previous three groups, suggesting that the extension of a certain time may be one of the factors affecting the prognosis. However, the reasons for the delay in surgery are more complicated, mostly due to the poor general condition of the patient, and the clinical practice does not allow blind surgery before adequate improvement, so the influence factor should be comprehensively analyzed and evaluated.