Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the intestine whose etiology is not fully understood, mainly involving the colon and rectum, also known as nonspecific colitis. The main clinical manifestations are vague pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen, increased frequency of stools with mucus stools and bloody stools, and even life-threatening complications such as hemorrhage and colon perforation in severe cases. At present, the treatment of ulcerative colitis is mainly based on drug therapy, but there are still a considerable number of patients who need surgical treatment when medical treatment is ineffective or when serious complications occur. With the further improvement of the understanding of the disease and the continuous improvement of the diagnosis and treatment methods, surgical treatment plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of the disease, allowing more patients to have an improved quality of life. Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis requires total colectomy, because it requires simultaneous surgery of the rectum, left hemicolectomy and right hemicolectomy, from top to bottom and from left to right. Traditional open surgery with large incisions, extensive surgery, great trauma, slow postoperative recovery and many complications has always been a huge invasive surgery that causes headaches for doctors and fears for patients, and therefore restricts the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis. With the rapid development of laparoscopic technology, laparoscopic total colectomy technique has become more and more mature in recent years, which is favored by patients and doctors because of its many minimally invasive advantages of less trauma, less blood loss, faster recovery and less pain. In a systematic evaluation of controlled studies in multiple centers at home and abroad, the time to start eating, the number of days of hospitalization and the overall complication rate of patients undergoing laparoscopic ulcerative colitis surgery were significantly lower and patient pain was significantly reduced, while the efficacy was comparable to that of conventional open surgery, compared with open conventional open surgery. Therefore, laparoscopic minimally invasive surgical treatment is the best option for patients with ulcerative colitis if medical treatment is not effective. It should be noted that patients with acute complications such as colonic perforation and hemorrhage should not undergo laparoscopic minimally invasive treatment and still require open surgery.