As breast cancer patients and their families should know these: any surgical operation has certain risks, and breast cancer surgery is no exception. Therefore, breast cancer patients must be well prepared before surgery, such as electrocardiogram, B-ultrasound, near-infrared ray, mammogram, X-rays, liver and kidney function tests, urine, stool and blood tests, etc. Based on these tests, doctors have to choose the treatment plan for patients. Therefore, patients should not leave the ward at will after admission to avoid affecting the preoperative examination and delaying the treatment. 1.Why should skin preparation and skin test be performed before breast cancer surgery? Because surgery requires skin preparation from the concept of asepsis, breast cancer surgical wounds have large trauma, the skin in the surgical area needs to be shaved before surgery (mainly axillary hair), the umbilicus needs to be cleaned with gasoline, and bathing and finger nail clipping are required to prepare adequate personal hygiene for surgery. Patients who have a history of allergy to penicillin, procaine and other drugs should tell the doctor or nurse to prevent allergy from being tested again. 2.Nutritional requirements of postoperative diet After radical breast cancer surgery, the surgical wound is large, there is much blood and fluid leakage, and the consumption of body fluids is also large. Therefore, proper attention should be paid to the postoperative diet, which should be easy to digest and high in protein plus rich in vitamins, such as pigeon, cuttlefish, lean meat, etc., as well as a variety of vegetables and fruits, so that the body can recover physically as soon as possible to promote wound healing and be able to tolerate postoperative adjuvant treatment. 3. The significance of drainage tube after breast cancer surgery What is the reason for placing a drainage tube on each side of the breast and axilla after breast cancer surgery? Because the lymph nodes in the axilla are cleared after radical breast cancer surgery and a large number of lymphatic vessels are broken, so that lymphatic fluid can accumulate under the skin and blood can also accumulate under the skin at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to install a drainage tube and use continuous negative pressure to draw out the accumulated blood and ooze, so that the skin flap can be tightly attached to the wound surface, which is conducive to wound healing and prevents necrosis and infection of the skin flap. Therefore, it is necessary to fix the drainage tube after surgery and squeeze it frequently to prevent clot blockage, drainage tube compression and distortion, etc. When lying down, the amplitude of turning should not be too large to prevent the drainage tube from slipping out and keep the drainage tube unobstructed. 4. Matters needing attention in the chemotherapy stage of breast cancer and toxic side effects of common chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer Since tumor cells and normal cells lack fundamental metabolic differences, all anti-cancer drugs will inevitably cause damage to normal tissues. The main reactions of chemotherapy for breast cancer are: 1. Some chemotherapy drugs can affect intestinal mucosa cells and cause diarrhea. 2. 2. Adriamycin drugs can cause hair loss and heart damage. Chemotherapy drugs can affect the stomach or vomiting center of the brain, causing nausea and vomiting. 4.Chemotherapy can inhibit the ability of bone marrow to produce red blood cells, making patients feel weak, fatigue, dizziness or shortness of breath. 5.Cyclophosphamide can stimulate the bladder causing painful urination, urgent urination, frequent urination, fever and other symptoms. 6.Anti-cancer drugs affect the hematopoietic function of bone marrow and make the white blood cells drop, meanwhile, it is easy to cause infections in various parts of the body, such as mouth, skin, lung and intestine. 7.Chemotherapy can directly cause constipation, which may also be caused by patients’ reduced activities and unreasonable diet structure after chemotherapy. Due to the toxic side effects of chemotherapy drugs, so during chemotherapy should drink more water to reduce the damage of drugs on the kidneys, and the diet should be light and easy to digest food. Due to the reaction of gastrointestinal tract, you can listen to music or read some literary books and magazines during chemotherapy to reduce the fear of drugs and relax the brain so as to adjust the nervousness and ensure the smooth progress of chemotherapy. 5.Protection of the affected limbs after breast cancer surgery After surgery, the lymph nodes are cleared and the lymphatic vessels are broken, so the lymphatic flow is blocked. Therefore, we should pay attention to: (1) not to draw blood or inject intravenously into the affected limb; (2) not to lift heavy objects on the affected limb; (3) to avoid skin breakage and infection on the affected limb; (4) to avoid mosquito bites.