Insulin phobia is a very common “disease” of diabetic patients or their families, mainly manifested as resistance to the use of insulin, mainly for the following reasons: 1.
1. Insulin is similar to a drug and cannot be stopped after taking it;
2, insulin can also induce drug resistance, so the earlier it is used, the earlier it will fail in the future, so it should be used at a later stage of the disease really can not;
3, insulin is the last line of defense in the treatment of diabetes, if you use insulin, it means that the disease is very serious. Based on the above reasons, many patients and family members have made similar requests to Master Wang during the consultation, and these are unnecessary worries caused by the misconceptions about insulin, which we call the special “comorbidity DD insulin phobia” of diabetes.
To cure insulin phobia, it is necessary to understand the role of insulin in the human body.
The main source of glucose is the food we eat every day, and among the food, the main component of the staple food we eat is carbohydrate, which is the main source of glucose in the diet; most of the carbohydrates we eat are complex polysaccharides such as starch at the beginning, which are gradually digested and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. At this time, it needs to enter the bloodstream from the intestinal lumen into the vascular plexus around the intestine, in order to reach all organs and tissues of the body with the blood flow and be used as energy.
In the intestine, there is a group of dedicated workers who are responsible for sending glucose from the intestine into the bloodstream, and the blood sugar level will rise; the elevated blood sugar then stimulates the islet cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin. These blood glucose with the blood flow first into the liver, part of the liver is turned into energy use, part of the liver is sent to the liver sugar bank – glycogen storage, when not eating again into energy use, most of these processes require the participation of insulin to function properly.
Similarly, the fats and proteins we eat enter the body and are affected by insulin at different times, with the overall result that fats and proteins are synthesized and stored, making the body firm and strong under normal circumstances, but too much will be obese and too little will be thin. The total result of insulin’s regulation of blood glucose is that glucose can be used normally, excess glucose is stored in the sugar bank, and excess glucose is used as a raw material for fat synthesis and protein synthesis together with amino acids, and the total result is that the blood glucose level is always kept within a certain range. Therefore, insulin is a very important glucose-lowering hormone, and it is the only glucose-lowering hormone in our body, and there is absolutely no other one.
Therefore, insulin has a very important role in the normal life activities of the human body. So, where does it come from? How is it a substance?
Insulin is a hormone produced and secreted by the pancreas, an organ of our body, DD. The pancreas is located in the middle of the upper left abdomen and has two main roles: one is to secrete digestive enzymes into the intestine to help digest the food we eat, including fat and protein, while the other role is to secrete insulin. As soon as we eat, the signal will be given from the nervous system and the intestinal glucose into the blood to stimulate the islet cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin, which helps to transport the high level of glucose in the blood to various tissues and organs through the transporter to be used, and this process not only ensures the supply of sufficient glucose to various tissues and organs, but also keeps the glucose level in the blood from rising too high after eating, and maintains it at a reasonable level. It is maintained at a reasonable level. In the fasting state, it also maintains a basal secretion, thus ensuring the normal utilization of blood glucose in the fasting state.
In the case of diabetes, there is a problem with the secretion and action of insulin, so that the glucose in the blood cannot be transported to the tissues and organs normally, and the glucose in the blood builds up and becomes diabetic. Different types of diabetes have different abnormalities in insulin.
In type 1 diabetes, the pancreatic islet cells of the pancreas are destroyed by various reasons and become few and far between, so the secretion of insulin is very weak, and the transporter has no signal and is basically in a state of stoppage, so the increase in blood sugar is very obvious and the symptoms of three more and one less are typical, even those glucose that can enter some tissues and organs smoothly cannot be used normally because there is no insulin, while fat burning and protein The pathways of decomposition are particularly prone to ketoacidosis because they do not require insulin and are in a constant state of work.
In the case of type 2 diabetic patients, the function of insulin secretion by the islet cells of the pancreas is slightly worse than that of normal people, but it is not a state of complete lack, and even in some fat patients, the level of secreted insulin is more than that of normal people, but in these patients there is either an abnormality in the insulin signal, or there is some obstacle in the transporter, or the tissues and organs do not open the door to the transporter properly, and the transporter transports These are called insulin resistance, which also leads to the glucose in the blood cannot be used normally and the blood glucose is elevated, but there is still a certain percentage of glucose in these patients that can be transported by the transporter, and the tissues and organs still have a certain amount of glucose supply that can be used, therefore, the symptoms of three more and one less are not Obviously, the fat burning and protein catabolic pathways are only open for use when the conflict between supply and demand is prominent, such as in the case of infection or other co-morbidities when the body needs more energy to survive a crisis, and therefore, ketosis does not generally occur, or the degree of ketosis is mild.
It is because of these important roles of insulin in the body as mentioned above that insulin is a clinical drug with many uses. Initially, insulin as a drug was extracted from pigs or cows, and later, with the improvement of science and technology, synthetic animal insulin gradually appeared, and later, due to the advancement of genetic technology, artificial recombinant human insulin appeared, and in recent years, synthetic insulin analogues with slight changes in the composition of human insulin have appeared. These types of insulin have their own characteristics, but they have the most basic characteristics of insulin, which are all proteins, and they belong to the same category of substances as the meat, eggs and milk that we usually eat.
Not only in diabetic patients, but also in non-diabetic patients, the rational application of insulin can be very effective for certain diseases. For example, in patients with heart disease, the combination of glucose, insulin and energy can improve the energy supply of the heart; in patients with kidney disease, the combination of high concentration of glucose and insulin can promote the utilization of sugar and inhibit the decomposition of protein, so that the body produces as little nitrogenous waste as possible, and can also lower the excessive blood potassium, so as to avoid cardiac arrest caused by high blood potassium and save lives. It can also lower high blood potassium, avoiding cardiac arrest caused by high blood potassium and saving lives.
In diabetic patients, insulin has an even more important role to play.
Since the use of insulin in diabetic patients has saved the lives of a large number of diabetic patients, its inventor, Dr. Banting, has become a seminal scientist in the field of diabetes. However, as mentioned above, the early insulins were extracted from animals or synthesized artificially, and there are still differences between it and human insulin, there are species differences, therefore, in the process of use, patients are prone to allergies; moreover, long-term use, the human body will gradually produce antibodies, making the role of insulin weakened, clinically manifested as an increasing need for insulin, in the view of patients and families, it is as if In the view of patients and families, it is as if insulin is addictive. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, scientists gradually developed a new insulin DD recombinant human insulin, which is to introduce the gene of human insulin into the body of bacteria or yeast, so that it produces a large number of insulin with the exact same structure and composition as human insulin, which has been used in large quantities in the clinic, and we often say that the × × × × R is this kind of insulin, and the chance of allergy in patients is extremely low, and the antibodies produced in the body of patients who use it for a long time are also very low. The chance of allergy in patients is extremely low, and the antibodies produced in the body of patients who apply it for a long time are also very few, so there are few cases of patients who use more and more of it in the past.
This is divided into several cases.
The longer the diabetes, the poorer the function of the pancreas, and the more stimulating the oral hypoglycemic drugs, the less insulin is available. Blood glucose can be controlled properly.
In one case, the patient has a combination of other diseases that restrict the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs, so insulin can only be used to lower glucose. For example, if a female patient is pregnant, insulin is the only treatment option; some patients have combined liver disease, some patients have combined kidney disease, some patients have combined tuberculosis, some patients have diabetic ketosis, and some patients have over-restricted diets, resulting in malnutrition, etc. In these cases, insulin can only be chosen. However, the application of insulin in these patients is not necessarily long-term. When these combined conditions are eliminated and the function of the pancreas still allows, it is possible to switch to oral hypoglycemic drugs, so this also answers from another perspective that the use of insulin does not create dependence and does not lead to drug resistance.
In recent years, many patients have noticed that specialized diabetologists in large hospitals are more aggressive in using insulin. In some patients who have just gotten diabetes, doctors usually recommend that patients use insulin for a period of time, why is this and is it really necessary?