Age-related macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration, is one of the leading eye diseases causing blindness worldwide. As the name implies, the disease mainly affects people over the age of 65, but in recent years there have been an increasing number of patients under the age of 65. The macula is a basic structure of the eye and is found in the base of the eye in normal people. In age-related macular degeneration, there are pathological changes in the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch’s membrane and choroidal capillaries in the macular region of the fundus. These changes can be asymptomatic in the early stage and will not affect normal life and work. As the disease progresses, blurred and distorted vision will appear, and in severe cases, vision will be drastically reduced or even blind. Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment of age-related macular degeneration is very important. This disease is divided into “dry” and “wet” age-related macular degeneration, the main difference between the two is that in the wet case, there is hemorrhage, exudation and edema in the fundus of the eye, while in the dry case, there is none. In “dry” cases, there is usually little change in visual acuity, but a few may have blurred and distorted vision. Early diagnosis mainly relies on fundus examination by ophthalmologist, which shows pigment disorder in the macula, diminished or absent reflection in the central sulcus and scattered vitreous warts. In “wet” cases, the early symptoms include blurred vision, distorted vision, black shadows, dark spots, double shadows, etc. (caused by hemorrhage and leakage of choroidal neovascularization in the fundus), and the possibility of blindness is high if the patient does not seek medical attention in time. In addition, the disease often involves both eyes, and the onset of the disease can be sequential in both eyes, and the types of lesions can be different. Therefore, regardless of the type of age-related macular degeneration, it requires timely and correct diagnosis by a fundopathologist and appropriate treatment. There are many treatment options for this disease, and the two types of treatment are different, but because the cause of the disease is still unknown, the main treatment is symptomatic support therapy. For “dry” patients, oral antioxidants such as lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and selenium can be taken to help eliminate harmful oxygen free radicals. At the same time, Chinese herbal medicines such as compound Dan Shen tablets and Bright Eyes Di Huang Wan are also effective. For “wet” patients, because of the presence of choroidal neovascularization in the fundus, so in addition to the “dry” treatment measures, it is necessary to combine the treatment methods for neovascularization, the main methods are as follows: 1, laser treatment: closed choroidal neovascularization. Krypton laser photocoagulation has been used to treat age-related macular degeneration for many years and has been proven to be safe and effective. However, the scope of laser treatment is limited to the neovascularization beyond 200μm from the central concavity of the macula, and neovascularization closer to the central concavity cannot be selected by this method. 2.Photodynamic therapy (PDT): It is a safe and reliable method commonly used in clinical practice. Its purpose is to make the choroidal neovascularization shrink and close, just like laser treatment, but PDT has better safety and effectiveness, and can be used to treat neovascularization within 200μm of the central macular recess. However, this method should be used with caution in patients with active liver disease, severe cardiovascular disease and treatment of patients who have recently used photosensitizers. 3.Trans-pupillary thermotherapy (TTT): to make choroidal neovascularization atrophy or scarring.TTT treatment has no serious damage to the neuroretina, so the safety is still acceptable, but its effectiveness is still controversial. Most domestic studies have shown that TTT is effective in treating age-related macular degeneration, however, foreign studies have concluded that TTT treatment is not beneficial. This may be related to the different races of the population, in short, the efficacy of TTT needs further observation and research. 4, anti-angiogenic factor drug therapy: that is, people often say Avastin class of drugs vitreous cavity injection. However, due to various reasons, the use of Avastin is somewhat restricted. 5, trimethoprim vitreous cavity injection therapy: this method is economical and has certain efficacy, has been widely used clinically. In addition to its anti-inflammatory effect, trimethoprim also has an anti-angiogenic effect, but it is a hormonal drug, so in the process of using it, we must pay attention to its side effects, such as hormonal glaucoma and cataract. 6.Surgical treatment: including submacular membrane removal, macular transposition, etc. Surgery is effective for some refractory age-related macular degeneration, but there are many complications, such as macular cystoid edema, double vision, recurrence of neovascularization and so on. Because surgery is an invasive operation, and most of the patients are old and have reduced tolerance, so surgical treatment is less carried out. In conclusion, the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration is complex, and two or more of the above mentioned methods should be used in combination to develop and implement an individualized treatment plan for each patient in order to effectively curb the development of the disease and save and preserve the vision of both eyes. Once diagnosed, the development of macular degeneration can be self-monitored using an Amsler grid (which can be made by yourself), just like diabetic patients monitor their blood sugar using a glucose meter. More importantly, age-related macular degeneration is a disease in which both genetic and environmental factors play a role, and while we cannot change genetics, we can do something about environmental factors. For example, quitting smoking, controlling hypertension, controlling high blood pressure, regular physical exercise and avoiding obesity are all effective ways to prevent this disease. Therefore, timely and reasonable diagnosis and treatment, correct and effective prevention are the two major treasures to deal with age-related macular degeneration, and with good use of these two treasures, clear and comfortable vision can be achieved.