What are the treatments for Parkinson’s?

  Parkinson’s patients should be treated with a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms, including medication, surgery, functional exercise, psychotherapy, neuromodulation therapy and nursing care. Drug therapy: It is the first choice of treatment and the main means of treatment at present. We should adhere to the principle of “achieving satisfactory results with the smallest dose” and emphasize individualized features to avoid or reduce the side effects and complications of drugs as much as possible.  1, dopamine agonists: early patients can be used alone, but also can be used in combination with dopa preparations to treat patients in the middle and late stages. It is less likely to cause allodynia and symptom fluctuations, and can delay and reduce the combination of dopa agents. This class of drugs can bring adverse effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms, postural hypotension, hallucinations and confusion.  2.MAO-B inhibitor: It can be used alone for early patients or in combination with dopa preparations for medium-term patients. It can organize the degradation of dopamine in the brain and improve the fluctuation of symptoms, and has a mild symptom improvement effect when used alone. A few patients will have adverse reactions such as nausea and vertigo after use.  3.Compound levodopa: It is still the most basic and effective drug for the treatment of this disease, and has a good effect on tremor, tonicity, and motor retardation. Patients are generally advised to start slowly with small doses, which should be individualized (patient needs and life treatment), and seek long-lasting effects rather than full effects. Some patients will experience nausea and low blood pressure at the beginning of the dose, and these symptoms will improve after a period of time. However, irregular dosing in some patients can bring about fluctuations in symptoms, mobilities and psychiatric symptoms. The characteristics of the drug is affected by eating, especially protein foods will greatly reduce the efficacy of the drug, so patients should be taken before or 1.5 hours after meals.  4.COMT-inhibitor: This drug is taken together with dopa preparation to increase the bioavailability and duration of action of levodopa, and can increase the entry of levodopa into the brain through the blood-brain barrier. It is suitable for patients with end-of-dose effect or “on-off” phenomenon. The drug is a pink tablet, and it is normal for patients to have red urine after taking it.  5, anticholinergic drugs: mainly for obvious tremor and young patients, older patients should be used with caution. The main side effects are dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, difficulty in urination, etc. It is not used for those who are over 65 years old and have cognitive impairment.  6. Amantadine: It can improve hypokinesia, tonicity, and motor retardation, and can be helpful for patients with athetoid disorder. Rare side effects include confusion, ankle edema, etc.