Barrett’s esophagus is a pathological phenomenon in which the squamous epithelium of the lower esophagus is replaced by the columnar epithelium of the gastric mucosa due to various causes (such as chronic reflux esophagitis). Barrett’s esophagus is a precancerous lesion and should be treated promptly and reviewed actively and regularly. If there is severe heterogeneous hyperplasia or early cancer, it should be treated surgically. Usually, it can be treated as general reflux esophagitis. Currently, the literature reports that esophageal adenocarcinoma occurs in about 8-15% of Barrett’s esophagus. Usually, the larger the area of Barrett’s esophagus, the greater the risk of developing cancer. It has been found that patients with esophageal reflux disease with heartburn, reflux or both symptoms more than once a week have 7.7 times increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma increases to 43.5 times in patients with disease duration more than 20 years. Chronic GERD is a common disease in countries with high economic development, and the incidence of tumors caused by Barrett’s esophagus has increased significantly in the past 30 years worldwide, especially in men, which should be taken very seriously as our country gradually enters a well-off society.