Chronic pain is categorized into pain of receptor origin and pain of neurogenic origin. The former arises from direct stimulation of nociceptors and transmits via nerve axons to higher nociceptive centers, and is sensitive to neurotomy and analgesics, such as most cancer pain and migraine headaches. Neurogenic pain, on the other hand, arises from the nucleus accumbens and conduction bundles of nociceptive sensation, and is insensitive to the traditional conservative treatment of chronic pain based on oral analgesic drugs and local nerve blocks, and can only be resolved by neurosurgery. The modern neurosurgical pain relief procedure characterized by minimally invasive and microscopic operation has the following features: 1, obvious pain relief effect and not easy to recur; 2, safe and less traumatic surgery; 3, low incidence of complications and sequelae. The following are the commonly used surgical procedures and typical indications for neurosurgery according to the classification of neurological localization: Brain 1, stereotactic nucleus pulposus disfigurement (post-stroke pain and post-traumatic brain injury pain represented by post-traumatic brain injury neuralgia), 2, cerebral cortex or nucleus pulposus electrical stimulation (ibid), 3, intracerebroventricular perfusion with analgesic pumps (intractable disseminated cancer pain), Spinal cord 1, dorsal root into the medullary region disfigurement (nerve root avulsion pain and postoperative pain after lumbar spondylosis represented by the neck). Nerve root 1, microvascular decompression (trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal vagal neuralgia) 2, dorsal root ganglionectomy; (intractable limited cancer pain) 3, sympathetic neurotomy of the sympathetic chain (complex localized pain syndrome) Peripheral nerves 1, neuroma excision; 2, neurotomy; (intractable localized pain syndrome) Neuroma excision; 2, neurovascular decompression or severance (neurogenic migraine) 3, peripheral nerve electrical stimulation (intractable peripheral neuralgia) Extrapsychic pain surgery makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional chronic pain treatment, and is the ultimate means of pain treatment.