Conventional wisdom holds that sperm chromosomes are highly folded structures in which DNA is tightly wrapped by fisetin. According to this inference, mature sperm chromosomes are not susceptible to various teratogenic factors and are difficult to undergo DNA strand breakage. However, recent research findings have shown that the degree of chromosome encapsulation in mature spermatozoa does not completely prevent DNA damage; DNA damage can also be detected in ejaculated sperm. The main reasons for DNA damage in mature spermatozoa may include: ① incomplete “factory inspection” during sperm production and residual “inferior” products; ② incomplete removal of DNA strand gaps during chromosome recombination during sperm maturation; ③ certain diseases (3) DNA strand breakage induced by the increase of reactive oxygen species in semen caused by certain diseases (leukocytospermia, varicocele); (4) DNA strand breakage in germ cells caused by radiotherapy; (5) teratogenic effect of environmental toxins, etc. The predictive role of sperm DNA integrity testing on pregnancy outcome is one of the hot topics of research in male infertility treatment. Numerous studies have recognized that sperm DNA damage reduces the success rate of natural pregnancy and artificial insemination, increases the rate of miscarriage, and its teratogenic and carcinogenic effects on the offspring are still being studied. “Does sperm DNA damage affect the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF-ET, ICSI)?” remains a controversial question. This may be caused by the different study work enrolling couples with different basic conditions, semen processing methods, and IVF/ICSI protocols. In addition, sperm DNA damage often occurs in conjunction with a decrease in other parameters of semen quality. In summary, in addition to the usual semen parameters that we are familiar with, such as density and motility, sperm DNA integrity is also an important indicator of the intrinsic quality of sperm. Especially for those couples who have repeated early miscarriages, sperm DNA damage testing is also a very necessary test. In daily life, one should try to reach out to avoid various triggering factors. When semen quality is good, purchase a fertility insurance policy and freeze and preserve semen for emergencies. It is a good choice to buy a protection for your lifetime reproductive health without spending much.