Breast cancer is one of the common malignant tumors that seriously affects women’s physical and mental health and even threatens their lives. The age of onset of breast cancer is mostly between 40-60 years old, and the incidence is higher in women before and after menopause, but rare in men. There are 1.2 million new cases of breast cancer in the world every year, and the incidence of breast cancer in China ranks the first among malignant tumors in women. The incidence rate has been increasing in recent years, and the trend is younger. With the progress of various treatment methods, the mortality rate of breast cancer is decreasing.
I. Etiology
1.Adverse psychological factors and endocrine dysfunction
2. Excessive nutrition and high fat diet
3.Higher estrogen level
4. Genetic factors (family history of tumor)
5, early menarche, late menopause, infertility
6.Chronic cystic hyperplasia of the breast with papilloma, etc.
Common symptoms
Early stage of breast cancer is usually asymptomatic, but through professional physicians and professional examination, early breast cancer can be detected
Lumps: The most common symptom is lumps in the breast, which can be palpated in more than 95% of patients.
2. Nipple discharge: Sudden appearance of nipple discharge (milk-like, blood-like, plasma-like) in non-lactating women should be noted.
Pain: Pain is not a common symptom of breast tumor, but mostly hidden pain or dull pain.
4.Changes in breast appearance: the skin of the lump is elevated, and some of them may show “dimple sign”, “orange peel-like change” and nipple invagination.
5.Redness of skin: mainly seen in inflammatory breast cancer, accompanied by edema, thickening of skin and increase in skin temperature
6. Regional lymph node enlargement: the most common lymph node enlargement is ipsilateral axillary lymph node, while supraclavicular lymph node enlargement is already in advanced stage.
7. The most common metastatic sites of advanced breast cancer are bone, lung, liver, brain and ovary, and related symptoms appear at the same time.
Examination methods
Observe whether there is any change in the shape, contour, symmetry and size of the breast, and whether there is any change in the nipple and skin
2, touch, the outer top of the breast is the focus of the examination
3, finger squeeze nipple, areola, check whether there is overflow
4.Breast ultrasound or color ultrasound, easy, economical, practical and non-invasive
5.Mammogram, X-ray film shooting
6.Breast MRI is increasingly used for screening of people with high-risk factors
7.Needle aspiration cytology and excisional biopsy.