Malignant tumors of the temporal bone account for approximately 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 20,000 otologic cases. Squamous carcinomas are the most common, with 60-80% of squamous carcinomas in the external auditory canal, middle ear and mastoid, followed by adenocarcinomas, cystic adenocarcinomas and basal cell carcinomas, with melanomas being rare.Moffat et al. summarized six histologic types of squamous carcinomas: hyperdifferentiated; moderately differentiated; poorly differentiated; well-defined cellular morphology; and spindle and wart squamous carcinomas. The population incidence of squamous carcinoma of the temporal bone is about one to six in a million, with 60-70% occurring in the auricle, 20-30% in the external auditory canal, and 10% in the middle ear and mastoid process.It is more common in the age group of 50-60 years, with no sex difference. The 5-year survival rate has increased from 25% 50 years ago to 50% at present, and the T1 and T2 stages can reach 80-100%, and the survival rate of squamous carcinoma is lower than that of other tumors. Local spread of the primary lesion is the most important factor in determining prognosis. Adverse prognostic factors include facial paralysis, positive margins, invasion of the dura mater, regional lymph node involvement, involvement of multiple groups of cranial nerves and severe pain. Recurrence most often occurs 2-3 years after surgery.