Protruding eyeballs can be seen in a variety of ocular diseases, the most common of which are mostly seen in two types: first, orbital diseases; and second, high myopia. The orbital diseases that cause eye protrusion mainly include thyroid-related eye disease, orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, and orbital neoplastic disease. If eye protrusion occurs, it is recommended to first go to the hospital for examination to clarify the degree of eye protrusion and to do orbital CT examination to clarify the specific cause. The treatment plan is different for different diseases. For thyroid-related ophthalmopathy and orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, the underlying disease needs to be controlled and symptomatic treatment with glucocorticoids is given in the early stage of the disease. In the case of orbital occupational disease, surgical treatment usually needs to be considered. If the protrusion is caused by high myopia, there is no cure for this condition, except good eye habits and avoiding rapid myopia progression.