Spinal cord cavitation is a common pathological process in many different diseases, and there exist many different classifications based on different diagnostic criteria, and there is still a lack of consensus in defining and categorizing the disease. Currently, spinal cord cavernous (G95.0) and spinal hydrocele (Q06.4) serve as separate ICD-10 diagnostic headings, both of which are descriptive terms for fluid-filled spinal cord cavities that are consistent with each other but contradictory to each other. Despite the fact that there is some consensus on their pathogenesis and that treatment depends on their pathogenesis, their scientific terminology fails to combine basic theory and clinical treatment in a clear and simple way. By collecting, organizing, and analyzing the available data, the authors propose a new classification, which takes spinal cord cavern (G95.0) as the only definition and discards the definition of spinal hydrocele (Q06.4). Meanwhile, spinal cord cavities were categorized into five subgroups based on their associated pathologic subtypes: hydrocephalic spinal cord cavities, hindbrain lesion-associated spinal cord cavities, non-hindbrain lesion-associated spinal cord cavities, complex spinal cord cavities, and idiopathic spinal cord cavities. This classification is used for the diagnosis of the disease and guides the clinical treatment. 1, hydrocephalic spinal cord cavity: hydrocephalus; 2, hindbrain lesion-associated spinal cord cavity: hindbrain diseases (arachnoid cysts, arachnoiditis, chiari malformation, tetralogy of fallot, Dandy-walker malformation, posterior cranial fossa tumors); 3, non-hindbrain lesion-associated spinal cord cavity: spinal cord disorders (spinal cord arachnoid cysts, arachnoiditis, degenerative spinal disorders, infections, spinal tumors, spinal malformations, spinal cord, spinal cord tumors, spinal cord defects); 3, nonhindbrain lesion-related spinal cord cavities: spinal cord disorders (spinal cysts, arachnoiditis, degenerative spinal disorders, infection, spinal cord). Spinal cord tumors, spinal cord malformations, trauma); 4. Complex spinal cord cavities: the coexistence of hindbrain and spinal cord diseases; 5. Idiopathic spinal cord cavities: spinal cord cavities not yet confirmed to be caused by hindbrain and spinal cord diseases. Although the existing treatments are derived from the theory of the pathogenesis of spinal cord cavities, there is still a need for more precise medical terminology to link the pathogenesis and treatment organically. The role of defining and categorizing the disease is difficult to perform if there is no agreement on its terminology. Therefore, the authors used meta-analysis to obtain a higher level of clinical evidence and provide a new ICD classification for the diagnosis of spinal cord cavernosis, which is more standardized, acceptable, and clinically logical, and can better guide clinical treatment.