With the change of lifestyle and the accelerated pace of work, the incidence of heart disease is increasing and more and more people are dying from heart disease. Once people suffer from heart disease, the first thing they think of is to turn to a cardiologist, but many heart diseases cannot be solved fundamentally by medications alone, and then they need to be treated by cardiac surgery. So when do you need heart surgery? 1. Congenital heart disease. The incidence of congenital heart disease is about 7 to 8 per 1,000. There are about more than 4 million congenital heart disease patients in China, and 2/3 of them are not diagnosed and treated in children. Among congenital heart diseases, four types of diseases, including atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and tetralogy of Fallot, are more common. The vast majority of congenital heart diseases must be cured by heart surgery. 2, rheumatic heart valve disease. Also known as rheumatic heart disease, referred to as rheumatic heart disease. It is a heart disease involving rheumatic lesions and heart valves. In the surgical adult cardiovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease accounts for about 40%, more women than men. Rheumatic heart disease often involves the mitral valve, and sometimes also involves the aortic valve, the patient’s heart function gradually decreases, appearing panic, breath-holding and even lower limb edema performance, drugs can only relieve the symptoms for a while, to solve the fundamental problem must perform valve replacement surgery treatment. 3, coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is short for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, atherosclerosis leads to coronary artery vascular blockage, myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, angina performance, serious cases lead to myocardial infarction. The incidence of coronary heart disease in China is increasing year by year, becoming one of the most common diseases that endanger people’s health. The treatment of coronary heart disease usually includes drugs, stent intervention, bypass surgery treatment, and different methods are chosen according to different conditions to achieve the best long-term effect and the best quality of survival. 4.Large vessel disease. Large vessel disease refers to the thoracic aortic vascular lesions emanating from the heart, with a lower incidence but mostly more aggressive condition. Common macrovascular diseases include aortic coarctation, ascending aortic aneurysm and aortitis, among which aortic coarctation is the most dangerous, causing instant death of the patient once it tears. The treatment of large vessel disease is mainly based on surgery, supplemented by interventional stenting. 5.Heart tumor. The majority of cardiac tumors are benign tumors, mainly cardiac mucinous tumors. The symptoms are mainly heart panic and breath-holding, but some patients also show fever and embolism. The diagnosis can be confirmed by cardiac ultrasonography. Once diagnosed, it should be removed surgically as soon as possible. 6. Pericardial effusion and constrictive pericarditis. Pericarditis is predominantly tuberculous, with early manifestations of pericardial effusion. Chronic lesions can lead to calcified thickening of the pericardium, limiting the movement of the heart, and symptoms of hepatomegaly and edema of the lower extremities. Treatment of constrictive pericarditis is based on surgical debridement of the diseased pericardium, supplemented by anti-tuberculosis therapy.