Femoral head necrosis, also known as ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, is a common and refractory joint disease in orthopedics. The cause of femoral head necrosis is the reduction or interruption of the blood supply to the femoral head. Femoral head necrosis is comparable to the “coronary heart disease” of the hip joint, because the blood flow of the small arteries entering the femoral head is slow and tortuous, once blocked, the femoral head will not receive normal nutrition, bone cells and bone marrow will slowly die, and the necrotic bone tissue will become loose and brittle, which will lead to the collapse of the femoral head and cause dysfunction of the hip joint. The common symptoms of femoral head necrosis include: 1. pain at the root of the thigh and hip; 2. reduced rotational movement of the hip joint. If a person has had previous trauma to the hip (such as a fracture of the femoral neck), or has taken hormones, or drinks a lot of alcohol, this person has a higher risk of developing osteonecrosis of the femoral head than normal people. If we want to diagnose osteonecrosis of the femoral head, in addition to physical examination, imaging is also essential, including X-rays, MRI and bone scan. MRI has a high value for the early diagnosis of femoral head necrosis, with a sensitivity of over 95% as reported in the literature. Bone scans can reveal the presence of cold areas within the hot areas and can show the extent of necrosis. To summarize, the treatment of femoral head necrosis is divided into two major aspects: conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment can be provided by some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for symptomatic pain relief, calcium metabolism regulating drugs such as alendronate (Fosamax) to inhibit bone destruction and delay the collapse of the femoral head, and some vasodilator drugs are also effective. Another component of conservative treatment is physical therapy, which is helpful in relieving pain and promoting bone repair. It is worth noting that in many false advertisements, many Chinese medicinal preparations claim to have good efficacy on femoral head necrosis, but in fact, they are likely to be mixed with hormonal ingredients, which may accelerate the progress of femoral head necrosis and osteoporosis if taken for a long time, causing serious consequences and should alert the majority of patients. Femoral head necrosis is a long-term slow progressive disease, once the femoral head collapses, the necrosis is irreversible, so any drugs and therapies that claim to be able to “revive” the necrotic femoral head are fraudulent. We understand that patients seek non-surgical treatment to cure necrosis of the femoral head, but in the face of all kinds of treatment, we should pay attention to the regularity of the hospital and the rationality of treatment, and make a rational choice. The stages of femoral head necrosis are different, and the surgical treatment methods are also different. For stage I, II and early stage III patients, surgeries to preserve the femoral head such as medullary core decompression and beaten bone grafting can be chosen. Once the femoral head has collapsed and joint movement is impaired or severe pain occurs, artificial joint replacement should be chosen. Artificial joint replacement surgery has a definite effect on advanced femoral head necrosis, and there are two main ways: one is hemi-acetabular arthroplasty, which replaces the necrotic femoral head with an artificial femoral head prosthesis. Because of the limited service life, it is only suitable for some patients of advanced age or poor physical condition; the other is total hip replacement, which is to replace the whole hip joint with an artificial prosthesis, with definite efficacy, and it is the routine operation for treating femoral head necrosis at present.