Renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the renal parenchyma, which occurs in the age of 50 to 70. In recent years, with the development of modern imaging technology and the popularity of routine physical examination, more and more asymptomatic small kidney cancers can be detected early. Traditional treatment of kidney cancer is still based on surgical radical resection, but it is more traumatic and the reserve of human renal function is reduced after surgery, which is not suitable for advanced kidney cancer, bilateral or isolated kidney cancer, old and frail people. At present, the treatment of asymptomatic small kidney cancer tends to be the treatment method of preserving renal function units, but the blood vessels of the kidney must also be blocked during the operation, causing thermal ischemia for a certain period of time, which will more or less produce certain images on the function of the affected kidney, and there is also the possibility of tumor residue, recurrence, and bleeding infection at the cutting edge after the operation; for small kidney cancer in some special areas, the operation is extremely risky, and physicians often adopt radical resection For small renal cancer in some special sites, the surgery is extremely risky and physicians often use radical resection to avoid the possible serious complications. In recent years, advances in imaging and ablation technologies have stimulated the development of minimally invasive treatment techniques for small kidney cancer in the medical field. These include imaging-guided radiofrequency ablation therapy, etc. The clinical application of radiofrequency ablation for primary kidney cancer cases has gradually increased and satisfactory results have been achieved. Simply put, radiofrequency ablation is to insert a special electrode needle inside the tumor and use electromagnetic waves to heat up the tumor tissue to reach a certain temperature, so as to dehydrate the tumor tissue and subsequently undergo coagulative necrosis. The treatment routes of radiofrequency ablation are currently three kinds: percutaneous route, trans-laparoscopic, and under open surgery. Intraoperative with ultrasonography can determine whether the tumor is completely ablated. Indications: Theoretically, all small kidney cancers not exceeding 4 cm are suitable for radiofrequency ablation treatment. In addition, patients with isolated kidney cancer, kidney cancer in the hilar region, multiple small kidney cancers (VHL syndrome), old and frail kidney cancer that cannot tolerate major surgery can also be treated with radiofrequency ablation. For single lung or lymphatic metastases can also be treated with radiofrequency. In addition, for benign kidney tumors such as malignant tumors, radiofrequency ablation is also a good treatment weapon. Radiofrequency ablation of kidney cancer has been gradually carried out in China, and as an emerging treatment, its efficacy is also the focus of patients and doctors. Foreign clinical experience shows that the five-year survival and disease-free survival of kidney cancer patients with radiofrequency ablation is exactly the same as that of traditional open surgery. Tumor ablation can also produce specific antibodies against the tumor and enhance the body’s cellular immune response. Of course, as a treatment, certain complications are inevitable: bleeding, urinary leakage, infection, etc., but they are less likely to occur than those caused by kidney surgery and can also be managed with certain remedies. In conclusion, studies have shown that radiofrequency ablation is a safe and minimally invasive interventional technique with few and mild complications, which can be well tolerated by patients. It is believed that with the continuous improvement of radiofrequency ablation equipment and electrode needle, the gradual improvement of intraoperative monitoring technology, and the increasing maturity of operation experience, radiofrequency ablation therapy for percutaneous renal cancer will play an important role in the field of renal cancer treatment in the 21st century.