Among the several sexually transmitted diseases legally reported in our country, syphilis is one of the easier to cure. Long-acting penicillin is the drug of choice for expelling syphilis, and is also recognized as the most effective antibiotic for expelling syphilis. Once early syphilis is expelled, almost all patients are free of infection within a few hours of treatment, and clinical symptoms quickly disappear within a few days to two weeks. However, despite this, it has been shown that in a few patients, syphilis spirochetes can still be detected in tissues where penicillin does not easily reach effective concentrations, such as the central nervous system, the anterior chamber, and the labyrinth of the inner ear. Whether there is a causal relationship between these syphilis spirochetes and the recurrence of syphilis is not clear. In any case, it is an indisputable fact that syphilis is prone to recurrence. After strictly following the treatment program issued by the Ministry of Health, active follow-up is necessary. The indicators to be reviewed during the follow-up period include: ① non-syphilis spirochete antibody (RPR), to observe whether it has turned negative and how the titer decreases after the treatment; ② general physical examination, to observe how the rash and lymph nodes subside after the treatment of expulsion of syphilis, in order to ascertain whether the syphilis has been cured or whether it is recurring through the observation of the indicators mentioned above. Early syphilis treatment is reviewed every 3 months in the first year, and then every 6 months for 2 to 3 years. It is worth noting that there are 3 types of non-syphilis spirochete antigen serologic tests, and the index of each review should be the same, otherwise, it is not conducive to observing the decline of its titer after treatment. If a 4-fold increase in serologic reaction titer or an increase of 2 dilutions is found in the retest, it is a serologic relapse or symptomatic relapse, and the treatment should be repeated. If the serum does not turn negative for more than 2 years, it is serofixation, and if there is no recurrence of clinical symptoms, whether to re-treat should be determined on a case-by-case basis. Regardless of whether to re-treat or not, neurological examination should be done, especially the examination of cerebrospinal fluid, in order to detect early asymptomatic neurosyphilis. Early syphilis 6 months after the end of syphilis expulsion, syphilis seroprevalence titer decreased less than 4 times or 2 dilutions, may be expulsion failure, should be examined for the presence of HIV infection, and doubled the amount of retreatment 1 course of treatment, if necessary, to do cerebrospinal fluid examination. Latent syphilis 12 to 24 months after treatment, syphilis serologic reaction titer decreased less than 4 times or titer increased, should do HIV and cerebrospinal fluid examination, and double the amount of retreatment. At the end of treatment for advanced syphilis, retesting is the same as for early syphilis, but should be observed continuously for 3 years. If the serum reaction is fixed positive, neurological and cerebrospinal fluid examination should be done. After the treatment of syphilis in pregnancy, the serologic reaction of syphilis should be rechecked every month before delivery, and the observation after delivery is the same as that of other syphilis, but the infants born should be observed until the serologic reaction is negative. If the infant is found to have elevated titers or symptoms, treatment should be carried out immediately. Pang Jianping, Male Department, Ordos Central Hospital