Recently, several patients have asked whether a positive hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) indicates that the body has developed resistance to the hepatitis C virus and is no longer infected with hepatitis C. Is it still necessary to retest in this case? Do I need to be treated? First, it should be clear that not all antibodies are protective. For example, of the three antibodies tested in hepatitis B serology, namely anti-HBs, anti-HBe and anti-HBc, except for anti-HBs, which is a protective antibody, the other two are only signs of hepatitis B infection and are not protective. The anti-HBs antibodies are also not protective, so their positivity only indicates infection with hepatitis C, but does not mean that the body has developed resistance to the hepatitis C virus and is no longer infected with hepatitis C. Secondly, it is important to know the clinical significance of a positive anti-HCV test. Anti-HCV tests are now widely used in screening blood donors for HCV infection and in clinical laboratory testing, and a positive anti-HCV test indicates exposure to the virus. In addition, anti-HCV can persist in some chronically infected patients. Thirdly, the issue of anti-HCV positive treatment depends on whether the serum HCV RNA is positive or not. Positive HCV RNA indicates viral replication and requires treatment, and the general method of checking patients with negative HCV RNA does not indicate that the body is safely free of virus and can take ultrasensitive HCV RNA test. In conclusion, for HCV antibody positive patients, further check HCV RNA and liver function, for HCV RNA positive patients are given antiviral treatment to stop the disease progression and prevent the occurrence of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Do not make the mistake of thinking that if you have resistance, you will not hear about it and miss the opportunity of treatment.