Hepatitis C is the second largest chronic viral hepatitis in China. 1992-1995, China’s viral hepatitis seroepidemiological survey showed that at that time, China’s HCV-infected patients had about 38 million people, with an infection rate of 3.2%, which was higher than the average level of the global infection rate, and the symptoms of hepatitis C were hidden, with a high degree of chronicity. Hepatitis C symptoms are insidious and chronicity is high. 1/3 of the patients with cirrhosis are caused by hepatitis C. Since 1993, China began to implement anti-HCV screening of blood donors, strengthened the regulation of blood collecting and supplying organizations and blood source management, and vigorously promoted the use of disposable syringes, which played an important role in interrupting the spread of the disease. 2006 National Viral Hepatitis Seroepidemiological Survey showed that the prevalence of anti-HCV among people aged 1-59 years in China was 0.43%, which indicated that HCV is a low prevalence area in the global context. According to the data released by the Ministry of Health, in recent years, the prevalence of anti-HCV is 0.43% among people aged 1-59 years in China, which indicates that it belongs to the low prevalence of HCV in the world. According to the data released by the Ministry of Health, in recent years, the number of reported cases of HCV infection in China has been on the rise year by year, with 70,681, 92,378, 108,446, and 131,849 cases from 2006 to 2009, respectively, and the rate of HCV infection in 2009 increased by 20.98% compared with that of the previous year. Up to now, it is estimated that the cumulative number of HCV infected people in China has exceeded 43 million. High-risk groups for HCV infection in China mainly include intravenous drug users, professional blood donors, HIV-infected people, sexually promiscuous people, people receiving hemodialysis and occupationally exposed people. The rate of HCV infection varies among different populations, with 9.7% anti-HCV positivity in acute hepatitis patients, 13.3% in chronic hepatitis patients, 18.3% in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 33.0% in cirrhosis patients, and 43.2% in post-transfusion hepatitis patients. The infection rate was also high among leukemia patients (36.4%), hemodialysis patients (43%), blood donors (12.7%), drug users (64.1%), and sex workers (13.1%). Therefore, high-risk groups should be alerted to the possibility of HCV infection, and the protection and detection of HCV high-risk groups must be strengthened. Hepatitis C infection in China is characterized by “three highs” and “three lows”. The “three highs” refer to: (1) the proportion of HCV infection developing into chronic hepatitis C is high; (2) the proportion of blood-borne transmission is high, especially among some high-risk groups; (3) the symptoms of chronic hepatitis C are more insidious, which is known as the “silent killer”, and so the rate of underdiagnosis is high. The “three lows” are: (1) low cognitive level, there is less health education on hepatitis C in China, so the general public has a low cognitive level of hepatitis C; (2) low diagnostic rate, because of the low cognitive level and the insidious onset of the disease, resulting in a low diagnostic rate; (3) low proportion of patients receiving antiviral treatment, less than 2% of patients have been treated with antiviral treatment at present. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the public and medical personnel about the prevention and control of hepatitis C. In the future, the focus of prevention and control of hepatitis C in China will be on early screening, early diagnosis and standardized treatment of hepatitis C. It is entirely possible for patients with hepatitis C to be diagnosed and treated. Hepatitis C patients are completely possible to be cured. With full dosage of “long-acting interferon + ribavirin”, nearly 70% of patients can obtain effective clearance of the virus, and 99% of them do not relapse after stopping the drug.