Umbilical velvet is a growth of residual yolk duct tissue (embryonic remnants) in the umbilicus of a child, also known as umbilical yolk duct polyp or umbilical polyp. In layman’s terms, an umbilical cord polyp is a cherry-red, smooth, moist polyp-like growth on the traumatic surface of the umbilical cord after it has been dislodged, with a small amount of “pus”-like discharge (if bruised, the discharge may be bloody). The fetus is connected to the mother’s placenta through the umbilical cord, which is called the umbilicus where the root of the umbilical cord joins the middle of the fetal abdomen. The umbilical cord contains structures such as the umbilical vein and umbilical artery (which are connected to blood vessels in the fetus and are occluded after birth – becoming the hepatic round ligament), as well as the vitelline duct (connected to the fetus’ small intestine) and the umbilical ureter (connected to the fetus’ bladder). Under normal circumstances, the yolk duct and other structures are either occluded, fibrotic, or disappear during fetal development and after the umbilicus is severed, leaving only a skin scar depression, the umbilicus, at the end. Umbilical velvet is a polyp-like growth that appears in the umbilicus of a child after the yolk duct has been occluded and the distal mucosa (intestinal mucosa) has not completely disappeared. ”The umbilical cord is called “umbilical granuloma” in some literature. In fact, it is a congenital malformation, not a granuloma, according to the origin of the umbilical cord. Probably because the term “umbilical velvet” and its English translation are not available in medical dictionaries, but only “umbilical granuloma” and its English translation, these authors consider umbilical velvet to be equivalent to umbilical granuloma. In fact, the synonym of “umbilical velvet”, “umbilical yolk duct polyp” or “umbilical polyp”, is available in medical dictionaries. Umbilical granuloma is a polyp-like growth formed by foreign body irritation (e.g. talcum powder, blood scabs) or infection in the unhealed wound after umbilical cord severance. The connection and difference between umbilical velum, umbilical sinus and umbilical fistula Connection: All three originate from the remnant tissue of the embryonic yolk duct. Difference: The three are morphologically distinct, with the latter two being tubular in shape (umbilical sinus – not connected to the intestinal canal; umbilical fistula – connected to the intestinal canal). Pathology Gross morphology: cherry red, smooth and moist surface, polyp-like. Smaller ones are about the size of a green bean, larger ones can exceed 0.5 cm in diameter, and some of the roots become thin and form a tip. Histomorphology: umbilical skin squamous epithelium connected with embryonic remnants of intestinal mucosa tissue. Treatment 1. Common topical medications cannot cure the umbilical cord velvet, nor will it heal naturally. 2. For small umbilical mushrooms, 10% silver nitrate cautery (drug corrosion) can be used. 3. For umbilical cord velvet with a tip, it can be ligated with a thread and the residual part can be cauterized with 10% silver nitrate. 4.The thick umbilical cord velvet usually needs to be removed surgically. 5.Other treatment methods, such as laser treatment, can also be used. 6.Hospitalization is required for those with comorbidities.