The pleura is a layer of plasma membrane covering the surface of the lung and the inner side of the thorax, called the dirty layer and the wall layer of the pleura, respectively, and the two layers of the pleura enclose a gap called the pleural cavity. Under normal conditions, the pleural cavity contains only a small amount of plasma, which acts as a lubricant to reduce friction between the two pleural layers and prevent adhesions. Pleural hypertrophy occurs mainly because of exudative pleurisy. Since pleural fluid is not detected and pumped in time, pleural fluid stays in the pleural cavity for a long time, and pleural fluid stimulates the pleura plus there is fibrin in the pleural water attached to the chest wall or there is granulation tissue proliferation so that the pleura is hyperplastic and thickened. If there are relatively two layers of pleural adhesions, they become pleural adhesions. Pleural thickening can be limited or extensive. Extensive thickening of the dirty layer of the pleura can affect the respiratory function of the lungs, while extensive thickening of the wall layer of the pleura can narrow the rib space and reduce the size of the thorax. Most pleural thickening does not require treatment, and there is mild chest tightness which will gradually compensate and reduce or disappear over time. Exercise, chest expansion and deep breathing are the best treatment methods. In case of extensive pleural thickening affecting the respiratory function of the lung and serious symptoms of pleural adhesions, surgical treatment should be done by pleurodesis. Long-term practice has shown that surgical treatment cannot satisfy both doctors and patients, not only is it painful for the patient, but it also easily causes new pleural adhesions and pleural calcification. Patients suffering from exudative pleurisy and pleural effusion should be given a high protein, high calorie, multivitamin and easy to digest diet to enhance their nutrition and appetite.