Pleural inflammation caused when inflammation of the lungs involves the pleura is called pleurisy. Pleurisy can be caused by general bacterial infections or specific bacterial infections, often accompanied by pleural effusions. In China, tuberculous pleurisy is the most common type of pleurisy, accounting for about 54.8% of exudative pleural effusions. Tuberculous pleurisy is currently thought to be caused by direct infection of the pleura by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can occur at any age and is more common in young adults. Symptoms of tuberculous pleurisy Most cases of tuberculous pleurisy have an acute onset and are characterized by systemic symptoms of tuberculosis and local symptoms due to pleural effusion. The main symptoms of TB toxicity are fever, chills, sweating, malaise, poor appetite and night sweats. Local symptoms include chest pain, dry cough and dyspnea. The chest pain is mostly located in the anterior axillary line or below the posterior axillary line where the respiratory movement of the thorax is the largest, and it is sharp and worsens with respiration or coughing, and with the gradual increase of pleural fluid, the chest pain will be relieved or disappear after a few days. When the amount of fluid accumulation is small, there is only chest tightness and shortness of breath, but when the amount of fluid accumulation is large, dyspnea can occur. The more and faster the effusion is produced and collected, the more obvious the dyspnea is, and even the inability to lie down can occur. X-ray chest film may be abnormal when the amount of effusion is small, but when the amount is moderate or above, it may show a uniform hyperdensity shadow in the lower part of the thoracic cavity, and the upper edge of the effusion shows an arc-shaped shadow of high external and low internal. Ultrasound examination of the thoracic cavity has the advantages of high sensitivity, accurate localization, and differentiation from pleural hypertrophy in determining the presence of pleural effusion. Diagnostic thoracentesis, routine and biochemical examination of pleural fluid, and bacterial culture are also necessary in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy, and they are essential in determining the etiology of pleural effusion. Treatment of tuberculous pleurisy Treatment is mainly anti-tuberculosis therapy, which usually lasts for 1-1.5 years, and premature discontinuation of the drug may lead to recurrence of tuberculosis. Thoracentesis and aspiration is also an important tool in the treatment of tuberculous pleurisy. Its effects include: reducing toxic symptoms and accelerating fever reduction; relieving pulmonary and cardiac vascular compression and improving respiratory and circulatory function; and preventing hypertrophy of pleural adhesions. Severe pleural hypertrophy and adhesions can affect respiratory function, and only surgical procedures can improve respiratory function. In addition, when the body temperature exceeds 38?C, bed rest should be given, and patients in general can move appropriately. The total rest period lasts about 2-3 months after the body temperature returns to normal and the pleural fluid disappears. Diet should be high-calorie, high-protein food. In terms of prevention, contact with TB patients should be minimized. It is important to live a regular life, arrange work and rest reasonably, do not be overly tired, and participate in sports appropriately to enhance physical fitness.