Patients with esophageal cancer often visit the doctor because of choking and wasting. The initial diagnosis of esophageal cancer requires further diagnosis, including pathology and staging, which mainly relies on gastroscopy and biopsy pathology to clarify, for example, highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of middle esophagus. For patients with limited tumor, no invasion of thoracic aorta and trachea, no distant lymph node or organ metastasis, surgery is the first choice; however, upper esophageal cancer is often inoperable due to its proximity to the pharynx, and radiotherapy is needed. If the tumor has metastasized to distant lymph nodes (including retroperitoneum, mediastinum, supraclavicular lymph nodes, etc.) or organs (liver, lung, etc.) or peritoneal abdominal metastasis (including peritoneal effusion), in this case, it is not suitable for surgical treatment and needs to consult internal medicine department for comprehensive treatment including chemotherapy and radiotherapy.