Whether surgical treatment can achieve the expected results, in addition to the implementation of the correct surgical plan and delicate surgical operation, active postoperative treatment and care, and proper and careful wound management, are also crucial. After surgery, patients should try to cooperate with medical staff to prevent postoperative complications and adverse consequences. 1. Maintain a good postoperative position. After surgery, patients with general and minor surgery are sent back to the original ward, while patients with major surgery or critical surgery are sent to the postoperative ward (monitoring room or observation room). Patients with general anesthesia, who are not awake at this time, should lie flat, without pillows and with their heads tilted to the side to prevent saliva or vomit from being inhaled into the respiratory tract and causing respiratory tract infection. For patients under epidural anesthesia or lumbar anesthesia, they should lie flat for 6 to 12 hours after surgery to prevent the occurrence of postoperative headache. After cervical, thoracic and abdominal surgery, more semi-sitting or semi-recumbent positions are adopted. Patients after spinal surgery should sleep on a hard board bed. Patients after limb surgery should elevate the operated limb or perform traction. 2. Assist medical staff to observe body temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure. If you feel unwell, fever and fast heartbeat, you should report to the doctor or nurse. Here to tell you a little common sense, 3 to 5 days after surgery, the body temperature is often around 38 ℃, which is inevitable, called postoperative reaction fever, or absorption fever, there is no need to be nervous about this. 3.Strengthen the diet with. After surgery, we should strengthen nutrition to facilitate the recovery of the body. General surgery, you can eat after surgery, abdominal surgery patients, to wait for the recovery of intestinal peristalsis, the production of false Christine (that is, fart), before entering the liquid liquid diet; gastrointestinal surgery patients, first gastrointestinal decompression, at the same time should be fasted, stop gastrointestinal decompression before entering the liquid diet, and then slowly return to a normal diet; major surgery or general anesthesia after surgery, more short-term digestive function, do not want to eat, and even nausea, vomiting After major surgery or general anesthesia surgery, there is a short period of digestive failure, not wanting to eat, or even nausea and vomiting. In severe cases, the doctor will insert a gastric tube and inject liquid food through it. 4. Assist the medical staff in strict postoperative wound management. Don’t move around, don’t uncover the gauze covering the wound at will, and don’t touch the wound with your hands or wash it with water, keep the wound clean and dry. If you accidentally wet or contaminate the gauze, ask the doctor or nurse to give a replacement to prevent the incision from becoming infected and septic. If you find redness and swelling around the wound or blood and water flowing out, you should tell the doctor and nurse in time and strive to give timely and proper treatment. 5. Early activity is required after surgery. According to the size of the operation and the postoperative condition, under the conditions permitted by the doctor, strive to get out of bed early. This is very beneficial for increasing the breathing depth, promoting blood circulation, restoring gastrointestinal function and improving appetite; it also has a positive effect on preventing complications and promoting wound healing. Such as abdominal surgery, generally 2 to 3 days after surgery should be appropriate to get out of bed or make bed activities to prevent abdominal distension and intestinal adhesions. Patients with a lot of phlegm should turn more often and press the wound with their hands to assist in coughing and excreting phlegm to prevent lung infection. Obese patients should move their limbs more often to prevent venous thrombosis. 6.Master the best time to remove the stitches. The time of stitch removal for postoperative incision should be decided according to the different surgical sites. For general surgery, the stitches should be removed in 5-7 days after surgery; for lower abdomen and perineum surgery, the stitches should be removed in 7-9 days after surgery; for upper abdomen, chest, back and hip surgery, the stitches should be removed in 10-12 days after surgery; for joint and nearby surgery, the stitches should be removed in 14 days after surgery; for full-layer skin grafting, the stitches should be removed in 12-14 days after surgery; for the elderly, weak, anemic or with complications, the stitches should be extended appropriately. The stitch removal time should be extended. 7. Other precautions. Some patients are not used to urinating in bed after surgery, or they cannot urinate because of impaired urination reflex after lumbar anesthesia. Therefore, for those who need to stay in bed for a long time after surgery, they should practice urinating in bed before surgery. If the condition allows, the patient can be assisted to sit up, kneel or stand to urinate, and can also take the abdominal hot compress, tie the silver needle and other methods to assist urination. If the above measures are not effective and the patient still cannot urinate 8 to 12 hours after surgery, catheterization should be requested. For the various catheters carried on the body after surgery, attention should be paid to keeping them open to prevent them from folding, blocking or falling off. The body resistance is relatively low after surgery, so care should be taken to keep warm and prevent colds. For patients who have outpatient surgery, rest for a moment in the outpatient clinic after surgery and ask the doctor for the time of follow-up, medication change and stitch removal, and go to the hospital on time for follow-up and disposal. After discharge, if you find chipping, bleeding or severe pain in the surgical opening after stitch removal, you should go to the hospital immediately for examination and treatment.