At present, archaeological data from home and abroad have led to the recognition that cancer is largely a “man-made” disease born of modern life. According to experts, cancer has been around for at least several thousand years, and the word “tumor” has been recorded in the oracle bone inscriptions excavated from the Yin ruins in China. However, in the long past, the incidence of cancer has been very low; in the late 18th century, the Western scholar R. Stern counted 150,673 deaths in Verona, Italy, of which 1,136 were due to cancer, accounting for only 0.75% of the total deaths. Recently, Professor Rosalie David of the University of Manchester, UK, conducted a study of hundreds of cancer cases in about 3,000 patients. Professor David and others studied hundreds of mummies from about 3,000 years ago and found only one case of cancer. Of course, it is possible that something was missed, but at least it can be said that cancer was not a major human killer at that time. Today, the situation is very different, with cancer accounting for more than a quarter of human deaths. Before the mid-19th century, the incidence of lung cancer was very low and negligible; after the mid-19th century, soon after the tobacco smoking epidemic, lung cancer spread around the world like a plague, and now it has become the world’s number one cancer. According to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of lung cancer cases in China rose by 465% in the 33 years from 1973 to 2006. So what exactly is the reason for the high incidence of malignant tumors? In recent years, it has been noticed that the incidence of cancer in parts of Africa has skyrocketed after the population has accepted the lifestyles of developed countries in Europe and America and gradually urbanized, although they are still poorer. Many studies have now confirmed that the high incidence of malignant tumors is inextricably linked to human lifestyles. For example, smoking is a recognized cause of lung cancer, and it has been reported that 85% of male lung cancer patients and 46% of female lung cancer are caused by smoking the harmful effects of passive smoking are even greater. Many of the carcinogenic components of cigarettes are the most important chemical carcinogens in humans. Many tumors and the development of oral tumors, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer, etc. are also smoking-related, and one study reported that 30% of malignant tumors are related to smoking. Another is diet, pickled foods rich in amyl nitrite are associated with the development of stomach and esophageal cancer, moldy peanuts and corn containing aflatoxin are prone to liver cancer, high fat diet is associated with colorectal, breast and pancreatic cancers. Studies show that 35% of tumors are related to diet. There are also biological factors, such as the hepatitis B virus, which can cause liver cancer, and the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), which is strongly associated with cervical cancer. More recent data also suggest that H. pylori is also carcinogenic and associated with the development of gastric lymphoma. At least eight viruses have now been shown to be associated with some tumors in humans, and other biologic factors that cause cancer include some bacteria and parasites. It is estimated that biological factors cause 10% of all human tumors. In industrialized societies, many people are exposed to chemical carcinogens such as asbestos, chromium, dyes, and paints at work, all of which are occupational carcinogens. We currently live in a highly facilitated society, but car exhaust, waste plastics, old appliances, and ionizing radiation have made the environment we live in worse than ever, all of which increase our risk of cancer. Therefore, the famous cancer scholar, Meyer G. Greaves, a member of the Royal Society, has been working on the study. M. Greaves said, “Cancer, like mental disorders, is a product of civilization.” Thus, tumors have been jokingly referred to as “the price of progress” and “the punishment of civilization”.