Pediatric hematuria is one of the common symptoms in pediatrics and can coexist with other symptoms of the urinary tract or can exist alone. In addition to kidney damage, hematuria may also occur in urinary system and systemic diseases below the kidney. Differential diagnosis of pediatric hematuria: 1. In infants and children with hematuria accompanied by deafness, eye disease or malformations in other parts of the body, it is important to consider whether the kidneys also have malformations. 2. Pediatric hematuria with decreased urine output, facial swelling, hypertension and back pain may be acute or chronic glomerulonephritis. 3. If a child has hematuria with increased urine output, and there is always a feeling of cramping in the lower abdomen that cannot be finished, or pain in the urethra when urinating, it indicates inflammation of the urethra or bladder. 4. If the child has difficulty urinating and painful urination at the same time as hematuria, he may have urinary tract stones. 5. If the child has bleeding spots on the skin and bleeding from other parts of the body such as the nose and gums in addition to hematuria, be alert to bleeding disorders such as thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, hemophilia, etc. 6. If the child’s hematuria is accompanied by fever, general malaise and depression, think of the possibility of systemic infectious diseases. 7. If the child’s parents and relatives have kidney disease, the child should be alert to the possibility of hereditary nephritis if hematuria occurs. 8. There are also some reasons that can cause temporary blood in urine. Such as post-exercise hematuria, some children are found to have hematuria after strenuous activities such as running or playing ball, but there is no obvious physical discomfort and no other combined symptoms, this is post-exercise hematuria, which is caused by kidney damage after strenuous exercise. There is no special treatment for sports hematuria, so you can take some hemostatic drugs and let your child rest until the hematuria disappears. In the future, the amount of exercise should be gradually increased from a small amount to improve the tolerance of the child’s whole body and kidneys to exercise. 9. Certain drugs can cause damage to the kidneys and lead to hematuria, such as sulfonamides, gentamicin, kanamycin, Advil, cold and flu, etc. Therefore, when the child needs to use such drugs due to illness, it should be used under the guidance of a doctor to ensure safety without side effects.