How to recognize acne? How to treat it?

  Acne is a multifactorial disease, and its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Endocrine factors, the role of sebum, and microbial infections in the hair follicle are the main factors in the development of acne. In addition, genetics, diet, and emotions also play a role in the development of acne in some patients.  Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands caused by a variety of factors. In Chinese medicine, it is called “lung wind”, “acne” or “facial sores”, and is commonly known as “pimples”. Its pathogenesis is generally believed to be related to hyper sebum secretion, hyperkeratosis of epithelial cells in the sebaceous ducts, abnormal proliferation of Propionibacterium in the ducts, and abnormal inflammatory reactions. The incidence of acne in adolescence is as high as 95%, and its lesions mainly occur on the face, chest, upper back and shoulders. The lesions are mainly blackheads, papules, and pustules, but different forms of skin damage such as nodules, cysts, and scarring may also occur. Clinically, acne can be classified into the following types according to the main manifestations of the lesions: 1) papulopustular acne; 2) pustular acne; 3) cystic acne; 4) nodular acne; 5) atrophic acne; 6) aggregated acne; 7) cachectic acne.  Acne is not only a simple pathological manifestation, but according to research, it also has a great relationship with psychosocial, living habits and survival environment factors; acne patients often have low self-esteem, high self-esteem, irritability, depression, shyness, etc. These people are often more introverted and overly sensitive to the evaluation of bystanders. Recent studies have shown that students with severe acne have poorer academic performance and that negative evaluations of these students by society and others often affect their learning. Researchers in the United States have shown that people with severe acne have significantly worse grades than people of the same gender and age who do not have acne. Low self-esteem about their appearance and unsatisfactory academic performance cause them to lose their optimistic outlook on life, and this discouraging state of mind can aggravate the condition through a series of neurological and endocrine factors, thus forming a vicious circle.  Treatment of acne] 1. Patients with acne and inflammatory papules are preferred to topical medications that exfoliate, dissolve keratin, and have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects, such as compound chloramphenicol tincture and acne ling prepared by our hospital with special effects; 2. Patients with nodules, cystic damage, or severe disease with a large number of lesions and obvious inflammation, often require internal antibiotics, isotretinoin, amphotericin, and glucocorticoids in addition to local treatment; 3. Endocrine therapy: Because of the antagonistic effect of androgens to reduce the secretion of sebum, it has a therapeutic effect on acne, but can cause endocrine disorders, and is not advocated for widespread use.  4. Semiconductor laser therapy; 5. Other treatments: facial care for clean skin; nodular cystic acne can be treated by freezing; scarring can be treated by surgical excision, collagen injection, glucocorticoid intra-dermal injection and skin abrasion, respectively, depending on the situation.