Esophageal cancer is a common gastrointestinal tumor that kills about 300,000 people worldwide each year. Its incidence and mortality rates vary greatly from country to country. China is one of the regions with high incidence of esophageal cancer in the world, with an average of about 150,000 deaths per year. There are more men than women, and the age of onset is mostly above 40 years old. The typical symptom of esophageal cancer is progressive dysphagia, first it is difficult to swallow dry food, then semi-liquid food, and finally water and saliva cannot be swallowed. Currently, for stage I, IIa esophageal cancer, surgical resection is considered the standard treatment for it. Stage I, IIa esophageal cancer is clinically rare, accounting for about 18%, and its 5-year survival rate after surgery is 66.27%; while for stage IIb, III patients, accounting for about 79%, the 5-year survival rate is only 26.7%, and most patients develop metastasis or local recurrence within 3 years. The results of the current study suggest that neither postoperative chemotherapy nor postoperative radiotherapy can improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer, while there is evidence that preoperative radiotherapy is expected to improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. For patients with contraindications to surgery, radical concurrent radiotherapy can also be used as the preferred method. Preoperative radiotherapy has the following advantages: 1. tumor blood flow is intact, which is conducive to maintaining the intensity and oxygen concentration of local chemotherapeutic drugs in the lesion; 2. preoperative patients tolerate better, and preoperative neoadjuvant therapy is easier to complete compared with postoperative adjuvant therapy; 3. it can reduce tumor stage and improve R0 resection; 4. early eradication of subclinical distant metastases; 5. reduce intraoperative tumor implantation and metastasis; 6. preoperative radiotherapy also has synergistic effect of mutual sensitization; 7. It can be used as the evaluation of tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in vivo. In terms of radiotherapy technology, Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) introduces the concept of inverse planning and dose modulation, which is controlled by computer to complete the precise treatment of the treatment area. This high accuracy of IMRT with simultaneous incremental design can change the dose splitting pattern of tumor treatment, shorten the total treatment time, minimize the incidence of serious toxic side effects of radiotherapy, and make the target area dose incremental. It also makes target area dose increment feasible, further improving the control rate of tumors. The use of IMRT technology is expected to further reduce the cardiac, pulmonary and gastrointestinal toxicity caused by radiotherapy, reduce the incidence of perioperative complications, and reduce the immediate and long-term mortality of patients due to treatment, based on the improvement of local control rate. For concurrent chemotherapy, docetaxel alone, docetaxel + platinum (cisplatin or nedaplatin), PF (platinum + 5Fu), vincristine + cisplatin, etc. are available.