Most cervical erosion-like changes are normal physiological phenomena, but of course, they may be early manifestations of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer. Patients are advised not to worry too much and to clarify the progress of cervical erosion through regular checkups. I. Normal physiological phenomenon cervical erosion is ectopic cervical columnar epithelium, which is a normal physiological phenomenon related to estrogen. In women, there are two types of cervical epithelial cells, one is the squamous epithelial cells near the outer edge of the cervix and the other is the columnar epithelial cells near the cervical canal, and the part between them is called the squamous-columnar junction zone. The squamous junction zone is susceptible to estrogen, causing the columnar epithelium to grow more toward the outside, creating the illusion of a celiac disease. After menopause, the estrogen level of women decreases, the columnar epithelium will gradually return to the inner side of the uterus, and at this time, when the gynecological examination is carried out, the symptoms of “cervical erosion” will be found to disappear. Early manifestation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer 1. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Cervical epithelial cells are replaced by different degrees of heterotypic cells, resulting in celiac-like changes. About 60% of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia will regress naturally and can be followed up regularly. If the lesion persists or progresses, Leep knife treatment or cervical cold knife conization surgery can be chosen; high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia can develop into invasive cancer and requires active treatment, and surgical treatment such as Leep knife, cervical cold knife conization or total hysterectomy can be chosen; 2. Cervical cancer: early HPV infection damages the cervix, which can be manifested as erosion-like changes, and when the disease progresses, cauliflower-like swellings can appear. Early stage cervical cancer generally chooses surgery, and mid- to late-stage tumors choose integrated treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to improve patients’ survival quality.